文章目录
- 安装系统要求
- 下载Redis
- Redis安装（单机版）
- Redis安装（哨兵）
- Redis安装（分片集群）
- 总结
安装系统要求
关于操作系统的选择，Centos7
下载Redis
wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.4.tar.gzRedis安装（单机版）
- ####编绎如下
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
tar -zxvf redis-6.2.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/
make单机版完成。
##有用小知识：
这里可以考虑将安装好的redis文件压缩备用，后续在其他的系统中安装时只需要解压就可，不需要再走一遍gcc,make的流程。
##压缩
cd /usr/local
tar -zcvf redis6.2.4_install.tar.gz redis-6.2.4/
##比如在192.168.56.102上进行解压安装，执行解压命令即可，不需要再走make的编绎流程：
tar -zxvf redis6.2.4_install.tar.gz -C /usr/local
- ####接下来做些简单的配置，毕竟默认的配置有些还是不太满足我们的意愿
####配置说明redis.conf
bind 127.0.0.1 -::1 ---> bind 192.168.56.101 -::1
修改端口：port 6379
后台启动： daemonize no ---> daemonize yes
Pid文件位置修改：pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid ---> pidfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis_6379.pid"
默认工作目录：dir ./ ---> dir "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/"
Logfile: logfile "" ---> logfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/redis.log"
加上密码： # requirepass foobared ---> requirepass 123456上面的配置通过vi redis.conf可以编辑，也可以直接sed命令修改，直接通过sed命令修改如下：
####批量命令如下：
sed -i 's/^bind 127.0.0.1 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.101 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis_6379.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/redis_6379.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^dir .\/$/dir "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/logs\/redis.log"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# requirepass foobared$/requirepass 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
####建立logs目录，logfile存储的目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/ -p- ####启动
###启动
cd /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/
src/redis-server redis.conf &
或
/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf执行结果日志如下：
[root@localhost redis-6.2.4]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
[root@localhost redis-6.2.4]# ps -ef|grep redis
root 8277 1 0 10:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server *:6379
root 8283 3663 0 10:04 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto redisRedis安装（哨兵）
Sentinel会不断地检查你的主服务器和从服务器是否运作正常。
当被监控的某个Redis服务器出现问题时，Sentinel可以通过API向管理员或者其他应用程序发送通知。
当一个主服务器不能正常工作时，Sentinel会开始一次自动故障迁移操作，它会将失效主服务器的其中一个从服务器升级为新的主服务器，并让失效服务器的其他从服务器改为新的主服务器；当客户端试图连接失效的主服务器时，集群也会向客户端返回新主服务器的地址，使得集群可以使用新主服务器代替失效服务器。
- ####安装环境
IP | 操作系统 | 初始角色 |
192.168.56.101 | Centos7 | master |
192.168.56.102 | Centos7 | slave |
192.168.56.103 | Centos7 | slave |
192.168.56.101 | Centos7 | sentinel |
192.168.56.102 | Centos7 | sentinel |
192.168.56.103 | Centos7 | sentinel |
- ####首先在master（192.168.56.101）执行单机版安装，然后在单机版安装make成功之后，修改redis.conf
sed -i 's/^bind 127.0.0.1 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.101 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis_6379.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/redis_6379.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^dir .\/$/dir "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/logs\/redis.log"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# requirepass foobared$/requirepass 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
将# masterauth <master-password>取消注解，并设置密码为123456，这个配置是做主从复制用的密码
sed -i 's/^# masterauth <master-password>$/masterauth 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
##建立logs目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/ -p- ####接着通过scp命令单master的安装好的文件传送到2个slave服务器，在192.168.56.101上执行
scp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ root@192.168.56.102:/usr/local/
scp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ root@192.168.56.103:/usr/local/- ####修改2个slave机器上的redis.conf,在master的配置的基础上增加一行，在192.168.56.102和192.168.56.103上执行
cat >> /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf << EOF
slaveof 192.168.56.101 6379
EOF- ####因为从master拷贝过来的bind信息的ip是bind 192.168.56.102 -::1，分别在两台node(192.168.56.102,192.168.56.103)上修改成正确的ip
# 192.168.56.102机器上执行
sed -i 's/^bind 192.168.56.101 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.102 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
# 192.168.56.103机器上执行
sed -i 's/^bind 192.168.56.101 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.103 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf- ####修改sentinel.conf，三台机一模一样
protected-mode no
daemonize yes
pidfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis-sentinel.pid"
logfile "/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/sentinel.log"
dir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel-work
sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.56.101 6379 2
sentinel auth-pass mymaster gzsendi1!
sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000
sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 10000快速执行命令如下,三台机执行：
##新建目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel-work
##执行命令修改sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# protected-mode no$/protected-mode no/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis-sentinel.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/redis-sentinel.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/logs\/sentinel.log"/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^dir \/tmp$/dir \/usr\/local\/redis-6.2.4\/sentinel-work/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^sentinel monitor mymaster 127.0.0.1 6379 2$/sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.56.101 6379 2/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# sentinel auth-pass <master-name> <password>$/sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# sentinel down-after-milliseconds <master-name> <milliseconds>$/sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf
sed -i 's/^# sentinel failover-timeout <master-name> <milliseconds>$/sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 10000/' /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf- ####启动哨兵集群，三台机上直接执行下面2个命令
##先停防火墙如下：
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
##启动哨兵集群，三台机上直接执行
/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/sentinel.conf- ####哨兵集群测试
- 查看
集群状态/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6379 -a 123456 然后执行info replication
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6379 -a 123456
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2
slave0:ip=192.168.56.102,port=6379,state=online,offset=112028,lag=1
slave1:ip=192.168.56.103,port=6379,state=online,offset=111885,lag=1
master_failover_state:no-failover
master_replid:db4762954bb4b448585bdcdbc7b709b1d0cc98e6
master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
master_repl_offset:112171
second_repl_offset:-1
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1
repl_backlog_histlen:112171- 查看
sentinel状态/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 26379然后执行info sentinel
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.101 -p 26379
192.168.56.101:26379> info sentinel
# Sentinel
sentinel_masters:1
sentinel_tilt:0
sentinel_running_scripts:0
sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0
sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0
master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.56.101:6379,slaves=2,sentinels=3- ####kill掉192.168.56.101上的redis进程，然后观察是否会切换
可以看到master切换到了192.168.56.103，
[root@localhost redis-6.2.4]# /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-cli -h 192.168.56.102 -p 6379 -a 123456
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.102:6379> info replication
# Replication
role:slave
master_host:192.168.56.103
master_port:6379
master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:0
master_sync_in_progress:0
slave_repl_offset:204030
slave_priority:100
slave_read_only:1
replica_announced:1
connected_slaves:0
master_failover_state:no-failover
master_replid:b99ff9a759686da5d8352db49b5c846e8117b5c4
master_replid2:db4762954bb4b448585bdcdbc7b709b1d0cc98e6
master_repl_offset:204030
second_repl_offset:192069
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1
repl_backlog_histlen:204030然后重新执行/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis.conf将192.168.56.101上的redis进程重启，然后可发现集群又自动恢复成功。
Redis安装（分片集群）
Redis集群使用数据分片(sharding)来实现：一个Redis集群包含16384个哈希槽(hash slot)，数据库中的每个键都属于这16384个哈希槽的其中一个，集群使用公式CRC16(key)%16384来计算键key属于哪个槽，其中CRC16(key)语句用于计算键key的CRC16校验和。比如：
节点A负责处理0号至5500号哈希槽。
节点B负责处理5501号至11000号哈希槽。
节点C负责处理11001号至16384号哈希槽。
- ####安装环境
redis集群分片需要6台机，需要的资源太多，这里使用一台虚机的不同端口来模拟，在真实的集群搭建时，将不同端口的进程分别部署在不同的机器上即可（6001-6006端口）
- ####先进行单机版安装，执行完make，并创建目录
##编绎
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
tar -zxvf redis-6.2.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/
make
##目录创建
mkdir /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/ -p- ####复制6个目录
mkdir /usr/local/redis-cluster/ -p
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6002
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6003
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6004
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6005
cp -r /usr/local/redis-6.2.4/ /usr/local/redis-cluster/6006- ####修改配置文件redis.conf, 以/usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf为例
bind 192.168.56.101 -::1
daemonize yes #后台启动
port 6001 #修改端口号，从6001 到6006
pidfile “/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/redis_6379.pid”
dir “/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/”
logfile “/usr/local/redis-6.2.4/logs/redis.log”
requirepass 123456
cluster-enabled yes #开启cluster，去掉注释
cluster-config-file nodes.conf #自动生成
cluster-node-timeout 15000 #节点通信时间
appendonly yes #持久化方式一键执行的命令如下：
sed -i 's/^bind 127.0.0.1 -::1$/bind 192.168.56.101 -::1/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^port 6379$/port 6001/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^daemonize no$/daemonize yes/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^pidfile \/var\/run\/redis_6379.pid$/pidfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-cluster\/6001\/redis_6001.pid"/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^dir .\/$/dir "\/usr\/local\/redis-cluster\/6001\/"/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^logfile ""$/logfile "\/usr\/local\/redis-cluster\/6001\/logs\/redis.log"/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# requirepass foobared$/requirepass 123456/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# masterauth <master-password>$/masterauth 123456/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# cluster-enabled yes$/cluster-enabled yes/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf$/cluster-config-file nodes-6001.conf/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^# cluster-node-timeout 15000$/cluster-node-timeout 15000/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
sed -i 's/^appendonly no$/appendonly yes/' /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf其他5个目录下的redis也做相应调整，分别修改相应的配置，按各自的配置情况修改，端口，路径等
- ####集群启动
##先要将6个redis的进程启动
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6002/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6002/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6003/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6003/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6004/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6004/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6005/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6005/redis.conf
/usr/local/redis-cluster/6006/src/redis-server /usr/local/redis-cluster/6006/redis.conf##然后将6进程创建成集群，6版本后不再使用ruby脚本启动，而是直接使用./redis-cli启动，进入任意一个6001-6006的目录，我这里进入6001，然后执行：
cd /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src
./redis-cli -a 123456 --cluster create 192.168.56.101:6001 192.168.56.101:6002 192.168.56.101:6003 192.168.56.101:6004 192.168.56.101:6005 192.168.56.101:6006 --cluster-replicas 1执行过程中输入yes然后回车，详细结果日志如下：
[root@localhost src]# ./redis-cli -a 123456 --cluster create 192.168.56.101:6001 192.168.56.101:6002 192.168.56.101:6003 192.168.56.101:6004 192.168.56.101:6005 192.168.56.101:6006 --cluster-replicas 1
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 192.168.56.101:6005 to 192.168.56.101:6001
Adding replica 192.168.56.101:6006 to 192.168.56.101:6002
Adding replica 192.168.56.101:6004 to 192.168.56.101:6003
>>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity
[WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master
M: 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 192.168.56.101:6001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 192.168.56.101:6002
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 192.168.56.101:6003
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: b1afdb8256f5a5f148ab43510b81110d63eac948 192.168.56.101:6004
replicates 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f
S: 33f2c653e66d50d474ec1670449258df1d2ac541 192.168.56.101:6005
replicates d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9
S: f4896d342ffbdc1077464f348fdff00d7976a670 192.168.56.101:6006
replicates 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
...
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 192.168.56.101:6001)
M: 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 192.168.56.101:6001
slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
S: 33f2c653e66d50d474ec1670449258df1d2ac541 192.168.56.101:6005
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9
S: b1afdb8256f5a5f148ab43510b81110d63eac948 192.168.56.101:6004
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f
S: f4896d342ffbdc1077464f348fdff00d7976a670 192.168.56.101:6006
slots: (0 slots) slave
replicates 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413
M: d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 192.168.56.101:6003
slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
M: 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 192.168.56.101:6002
slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.- ####集群状态检查
任意进入一个节点执行命令cluster nodes进行集群信息的查看，可看到各自的角色及对应的槽位。
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6001> cluster nodes
33f2c653e66d50d474ec1670449258df1d2ac541 192.168.56.101:6005@16005 slave d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 0 1626067299000 3 connected
b1afdb8256f5a5f148ab43510b81110d63eac948 192.168.56.101:6004@16004 slave 0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 0 1626067300471 2 connected
f4896d342ffbdc1077464f348fdff00d7976a670 192.168.56.101:6006@16006 slave 9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 0 1626067300000 1 connected
d0ed2b7955ab585b3c6f37c00413f48c157c0cf9 192.168.56.101:6003@16003 master - 0 1626067301473 3 connected 10923-16383
0c2c87a88a3fde5af2db1fe5005ccc19c8578a5f 192.168.56.101:6002@16002 master - 0 1626067300000 2 connected 5461-10922
9690b102b4be885b9a872c5e2f0de94c93f6b413 192.168.56.101:6001@16001 myself,master - 0 1626067299000 1 connected 0-5460- ####集群分片测试
在6001上执行set hello world
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6001>
192.168.56.101:6001> set hello world
OK在6001上执行get hello
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6001
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6001> get hello
"world"
192.168.56.101:6001>在6002上执行get hello ,会报error提示数据在6001上，说明分片已经生效。
192.168.56.101:6001> exit
[root@localhost src]# /usr/local/redis-cluster/6001/src/redis-cli -a 123456 -h 192.168.56.101 -p 6002
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.56.101:6002> get hello
(error) MOVED 866 192.168.56.101:6001- cluster模式之防火墙
cluster模式如果要开放防火墙，除了开放上redis的端口外，还需要开放10000+对应的端口号,比如要开放6379及16379(假如改了其他端口号也类似)，官方原文如下:
Redis Cluster TCP ports
Every Redis Cluster node requires two TCP connections open. The normal Redis TCP port used to serve clients, for example6379, plus the second port named cluster bus port. The cluster bus port will be derivedby adding 10000 to the data port, 16379 in this example, or by overiding it with the cluster-port config.
This second high port is used for the Cluster bus, that is a node-to-node communication channel using a binary protocol. The Cluster bus is used by nodes for failure detection, configuration update, failover authorization and so forth. Clients should never try to communicate with the cluster bus port, but always with the normal Redis command port, however make sure you open both ports in your firewall, otherwise Redis cluster nodes will be not able to communicate.
总结
本文只是从应用的角度做了环境的搭建，对原理未深入了解研究，有了redis的安装环境，接下来会从redis的原理出发来深入了解与学习redis。
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