微信支付API v3简介
为了在 保证支付 安全的前提下,带给商户 简单、一致且易用的开发体验,我们推出了全新的微信支付API v3。
相较于之前的微信支付API,主要区别是:
- 遵循统一的REST ful的设计风格
- 使用JSON作为数据交互的格式,不再使用XML
- 使用基于非对称密钥的SHA256-RSA的数字签名算法,不再使用MD5或HMAC-SHA256
- 不再要求HTTPS客户端证书
- 使用AES-256-GCM,对回调中的关键信息进行加密保护
在接口规则中,你将了解到微信支付API v3的基础约定,如数据格式,参数兼容性,错误处理等。随后我们重点介绍了微信支付API v3新的认证机制。你可以跟随着签名指南,使用命令行或者你熟悉的编程语言,一步一步实践如何签名和验签。
在进行v3签名开发之前,可以先了解一下微信v3签名基本规则 所需要获取的各种证书需要提前准备,签名需要用到商户号,微信支付平台序列号,商户API的私钥, 这里不讲解怎么获取, 网上一大堆,进入此微信官方链接了解证书
开始开发,可参考微信签名生成文档
注:代码框架使用springboot
<!-- 引入jar包>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
<artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
<version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>
SignV3Utils
import okhttp3.HttpUrl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Random;
@Component
public class SignV3Utils {
//V3主商户ID
private static String merchantId;
//微信商户平台APIv3证书序列号
private static String certificateSerialNo;
//私钥(不要把私钥文件暴露在公共场合,如上传到Github,写在客户端代码等。)
private static String privateKey;
//配置文件配置好主商户号
@Value("${wechat.v3.merchantId}")
public void setMerchantId(String merchantId) {
SignV3Utiles.merchantId = merchantId;
}
//配置文件配置好序列号
@Value("${wechat.v3.certificateSerialNo}")
public void setCertificateSerialNo(String certificateSerialNo) {
SignV3Utiles.certificateSerialNo = certificateSerialNo;
}
//配置文件配置好私钥
@Value("${wechat.v3.privateKey}")
public void setPrivateKey(String privateKey) {
SignV3Utiles.privateKey = privateKey;
}
/**
* 使用方法
* @param method 请求方法
* @param url 请求url
* @param body 请求内容
* @return
*/
public static HashMap<String, String> getSignMap(String method, String url, String body) throws InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidKeyException, SignatureException {
String authorization = getSign(method, url, body);
HashMap<String, String> headsMap = new HashMap<>();
headsMap.put("Authorization", authorization);
headsMap.put("Content-Type", "application/json");
headsMap.put("Accept", "application/json");
return headsMap;
}
public static String getSign(String method, String url, String body) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, SignatureException, InvalidKeySpecException, InvalidKeyException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
return "WECHATPAY2-SHA256-RSA2048 " + getToken(method, HttpUrl.parse(url), body);
}
public static String getToken(String method, HttpUrl url, String body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, SignatureException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, InvalidKeyException {
String nonceStr = nonceString();
long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
String message = buildMessage(method, url, timestamp, nonceStr, body);
String signature = sign(message.getBytes("utf-8"));
return "mchid=\"" + merchantId + "\","
+ "nonce_str=\"" + nonceStr + "\","
+ "timestamp=\"" + timestamp + "\","
+ "serial_no=\"" + certificateSerialNo + "\","
+ "signature=\"" + signature + "\"";
}
public static String sign(byte[] message) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, InvalidKeyException, SignatureException {
Signature sign = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
sign.initSign(getPKCS8PrivateKey(privateKey));
sign.update(message);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(sign.sign());
}
public static String buildMessage(String method, HttpUrl url, long timestamp, String nonceStr, String body) {
String canonicalUrl = url.encodedPath();
if (url.encodedQuery() != null) {
canonicalUrl += "?" + url.encodedQuery();
}
return method + "\n"
+ canonicalUrl + "\n"
+ timestamp + "\n"
+ nonceStr + "\n"
+ body + "\n";
}
private static PrivateKey getPKCS8PrivateKey(String strPk) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
String realPK = strPk.replaceAll("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
.replaceAll("\n", "");
byte[] b1 = Base64.getDecoder().decode(realPK);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec spec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(b1);
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
return kf.generatePrivate(spec);
}
public static String nonceString() {
String currTime = String.format("%d", (long) System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
String strTime = currTime.substring(8, currTime.length());
Random random = new Random();
int num = (int) (random.nextDouble() * (1000000 - 100000) + 100000);
String code = String.format("%06d", num);
String nonce_str = currTime.substring(2) + code;
return nonce_str;
}
}
简单调用实例demo
@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = "application/json; charset=utf-8")
@ApiOperation("测试")
public void test() throws Exception{
//处理请求参数
String param = JSON.toJSONString("请求参数");
//获取签名请求头
HashMap<String, String> heads = SignV3Utils.getSignMap("POST", "微信接口url", param);
//请求微信接口
HttpUtils.requestPostBody("微信接口url", param, heads);
}
具体每个接口使用文档,请参考微信API文档 请求方式,请求参数不用写法都不同,这里就不一一列举,有兴趣的兄弟可以沟通交流下。