Spring读取配置XML文件分三步:

一.新建一个Java Bean:

package springdemo;

public class HelloBean {
    private String helloWorld;
    public String getHelloWorld() {
        return helloWorld;
    }
    public void setHelloWorld(String helloWorld) {
        this.helloWorld = helloWorld;
    }
}


二.构建一个配置文件bean_config.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
<beans>
  <bean id="helloBean" class="springdemo.HelloBean">
    <property name="helloWorld">
      <value>Hello!chb!</value>
    </property>
  </bean>
</beans>


三.读取配置文件:

1.利用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean_config.xml");
//这种用法不够灵活,不建议使用。
 HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");
 System.out.println(helloBean.getHelloWorld());

  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext实现了接口ApplicationContext,ApplicationContext实现了BeanFactory。其通过jdom进行XML配置文件的读取,并构建实例化Bean,放入容器内。

public interface BeanFactory {
    public Object getBean(String id);
}


//实现类ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;

public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {
    
    private Map<String , Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    
    //(IOC:Inverse of Control/DI:Dependency Injection)
    public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception {
        SAXBuilder sb=new SAXBuilder();
        
        Document doc=sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml")); //构造文档对象
        Element root=doc.getRootElement(); //获取根元素HD
        List list=root.getChildren("bean");//取名字为disk的所有元素
        for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
           Element element=(Element)list.get(i);
           String id=element.getAttributeValue("id");
           String clazz=element.getAttributeValue("class");
           Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();
           System.out.println(id);
           System.out.println(clazz);
           beans.put(id, o);
           
           for(Element propertyElement : (List<Element>)element.getChildren("property")) {
               String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name"); //userDAO
               String bean = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("bean"); //u
               Object beanObject = beans.get(bean);//UserDAOImpl instance
               
               String methodName = "set" + name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
               System.out.println("method name = " + methodName);
               
               Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
               m.invoke(o, beanObject);
           }         
        }        
    }

    public Object getBean(String id) {
        return beans.get(id);
    }
}

  BeanFactory是一个很根的接口,ApplicationContext和ClassPathXmlApplicationContext都实现了接口BeanFactory,所以也可以这么写:

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean_config.xml");
HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean");

BeanFactory factory= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean_config.xml");
HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean");

  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext层级关系如下:

spring配置java环境 java spring 配置文件在哪里_java

2.利用FileSystemResource读取

Resource rs = new FileSystemResource("D:/software/tomcat/webapps/springWebDemo/WEB-INF/classes/bean_config.xml");
BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(rs);
HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(helloBean.getHelloWorld());

注意:利用FileSystemResource,则配置文件必须放在project直接目录下,或者写明绝对路径,否则就会抛出找不到文件的异常。

Spring读取properties配置文件

介绍两种技术:利用spring读取properties 文件和利用java.util.Properties读取:

一.利用spring读取properties 文件

  还利用上面的HelloBean.java文件,构造如下bean_config.properties文件:

helloBean.class=springdemo.HelloBean
helloBean.helloWorld=Hello!HelloWorld!

  属性文件中的"helloBean"名称即是Bean的别名设定,.class用于指定类来源

      然后利用org.springframework.beans.factory.support.PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader来读取属性文件。

BeanDefinitionRegistry reg = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader reader = new PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader(reg);
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(new ClassPathResource("bean_config.properties"));
BeanFactory factory = (BeanFactory)reg;
HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(helloBean.getHelloWorld());

二.利用java.util.Properties读取属性文件

  比如,我们构造一个ip_config.properties来保存服务器ip地址和端口,如:

ip=192.168.0.1
port=8080

  我们可以用如下程序来获得服务器配置信息:

InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("ip_config.properties");
Properties p = new Properties();
try {
    p.load(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e1) {
    e1.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("ip:"+p.getProperty("ip")+",port:"+p.getProperty("port"));

三.用接口类WebApplicationContext来取。

private WebApplicationContext wac;
wac =WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
wac = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate)ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplate");

  其中,jdbcTemplate为spring配置文件中的一个bean的id值。

  这种用法比较灵活,spring配置文件在web中配置启动后,该类会自动去找对应的bean,而不用再去指定配置文件的具体位置。