centos7 Mariadb 安装与二进制编译安装

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清欢难寻 2019-02-10 14:59:38 ©著作权

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我们用yum源安装Mariadb

1、安装MariaDB [root@node1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server 安装完成MariaDB，首先启动MariaDB [root@node1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb 设置开机启动 [root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service. 接下来进行MariaDB的相关简单配置 [root@node1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 此处初次运行直接回车 OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车 New password: 设置root用户的密码 Re-enter new password: 再输入一次你设置的密码 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] 是否删除匿名用户，回车 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 是否禁止root远程登录,回车, ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] 是否删除test数据库，回车

Dropping test database... ... Success!
Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] 是否重新加载权限表，回车 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB! （初始化MariaDB完成，接下来测试登录）！下面我们正式进入 mariadb 的使用中！！ [root@node1 ~]# mysql -u root -p （-u：用户名，默认为root，-p：用户密码） Enter password: （此处输入设置的密码） Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 11 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 2、配置MariaDB的字符集

文件/etc/my.cnf

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake
datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 #Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. #If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, #customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the #instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid #include all files from the config directory

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d 在[mysqld]标签下添加 “ init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake ”

文件/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf #These two groups are read by the client library #Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server

[client]

default-character-set=utf8
#This group is not read by mysql client library, #If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB, #use it for MariaDB-only client options [client-mariadb] 在[client]中添加： default-character-set=utf8

文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf #These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools #Use it for options that affect only one utility [mysql]

default-character-set=utf8
[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap] 在[mysql]中添加： default-character-set=utf8

全部配置完成，重启mariadb systemctl restart mariadb

3、之后进入MariaDB查看字符集 [root@node1 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

我们现在做mariadb 的二进制安装：

注：所谓二进制包就是官方编译好了的，我们稍加配置即可使用，我们要解压缩到官方编译的路径上“ /usr/local/ ”目录下，因为安装好yum源后会有“ mysql ”账号生成，同时，也会创建一个组也是“ mysql ”；所以，在解压缩前，我们先手动创建mysql账号， 1、首先将官方安装包rz到虚拟机： [root@centos7 ~]# rz [root@centos7 ~]# ls /usr/local/ bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src [root@centos7 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql [root@centos7 ~]# getent passwd mysql mysql:x:988:982::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin [root@centos7 ~]# id mysql uid=988(mysql) gid=982(mysql) groups=982(mysql) [root@centos7 ~]# tar xvf mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@centos7 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ls bin games lib libexec sbin src etc include lib64 mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64 share [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ln -s mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64/ mysql [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec drwxrwxr-x 12 1021 1004 290 Feb 11 2019 mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 10 22:09 mysql -> mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jan 3 22:01 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src 上述内容解释：用软连接把文件改名为mysql， 2、[root@centos7 /usr/local]# pwd /usr/local [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ll /usr/local/mysql/ total 176 drwxrwxr-x 2 1021 1004 4096 Dec 20 21:15 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 17987 Feb 10 07:24 COPYING -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 86263 Feb 10 07:24 COPYING.thirdparty -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 2354 Feb 10 07:24 CREDITS drwxrwxr-x 3 1021 1004 18 Feb 11 2019 data -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 8245 Feb 10 07:24 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT drwxrwxr-x 3 1021 1004 19 Feb 11 2019 include -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 8694 Feb 10 07:24 INSTALL-BINARY drwxrwxr-x 5 1021 1004 335 Dec 20 21:15 lib drwxrwxr-x 4 1021 1004 30 Feb 11 2019 man drwxrwxr-x 11 1021 1004 4096 Feb 11 2019 mysql-test -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 2469 Feb 10 07:24 README.md -rw-r--r-- 1 1021 1004 19561 Feb 10 07:24 README-wsrep drwxrwxr-x 2 1021 1004 30 Feb 11 2019 scripts drwxrwxr-x 32 1021 1004 4096 Feb 11 2019 share drwxrwxr-x 4 1021 1004 4096 Feb 11 2019 sql-bench drwxrwxr-x 3 1021 1004 275 Feb 11 2019 support-files 此时，我们用ll看到，文件都是不存在文件名和组名，所以要改， [root@centos7 /usr/local]# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/ [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ll /usr/local/mysql/ total 176 drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 20 21:15 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17987 Feb 10 07:24 COPYING -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86263 Feb 10 07:24 COPYING.thirdparty -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2354 Feb 10 07:24 CREDITS drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 18 Feb 11 2019 data -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8245 Feb 10 07:24 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 19 Feb 11 2019 include -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8694 Feb 10 07:24 INSTALL-BINARY drwxrwxr-x 5 root root 335 Dec 20 21:15 lib drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 30 Feb 11 2019 man drwxrwxr-x 11 root root 4096 Feb 11 2019 mysql-test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2469 Feb 10 07:24 README.md -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19561 Feb 10 07:24 README-wsrep drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 30 Feb 11 2019 scripts drwxrwxr-x 32 root root 4096 Feb 11 2019 share drwxrwxr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 11 2019 sql-bench drwxrwxr-x 3 root root 275 Feb 11 2019 support-files 以上内容就可以看到，文件属于root文件名root组名。 root@centos7 /usr/local]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/ total 812908 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12231048 Feb 10 07:30 mysql -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 117334166 Feb 10 07:48 mysqld 此文件夹下放了二进制程序，mysql是客户端工具，mysqld是服务器端程序，为了使用该文件夹的程序较为方便，我们要修改$PATH: [root@centos7 /usr/local]# vim /etc/profile.d/env.sh PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@centos7 /usr/local]# . /etc/profile.d/env.sh (使其生效） [root@centos7 /usr/local]# echo $PATH /usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ls bin games lib libexec mysql share etc include lib64 mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64 sbin src [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ls mysql/ bin EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT mysql-test sql-bench COPYING include README.md support-files COPYING.thirdparty INSTALL-BINARY README-wsrep CREDITS lib scripts data man share 此时，变量问题，我们已经解决。 3、创建存放数据库的文件： [root@centos7 /usr/local]# mkdir /data/mysql -pv mkdir: created directory ‘/data/mysql’ [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ll -d /data/mysql/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 10 22:29 /data/mysql/ [root@centos7 /usr/local]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/ [root@centos7 /usr/local]# ls /data/mysql/ [root@centos7 /usr/local]# 我们创建的文件夹有问题，要更改所属组，但是由上可以看到，文件夹里无内容。 [root@centos7 /usr/local]# cd mysql/ [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql]# ls bin EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT mysql-test sql-bench COPYING include README.md support-files COPYING.thirdparty INSTALL-BINARY README-wsrep CREDITS lib scripts data man share [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql]# cd scripts/ [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# ls mysql_install_db 其中该脚本mysql_install_db就是用来生成系统数据库的， [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# pwd /usr/local/mysql/scripts [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# cd . [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/scripts]# cd .. [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysql' ... OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password' './bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h centos7 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run: './bin/mysql_secure_installation'

which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with: cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mysql'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/. You can find additional information about the MySQL part at: http://dev.mysql.com Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community: https://mariadb.org/get-involved/ 此时已经安装完成，我们必须在/usr/local/mysql/script下才能运行脚本，否则，在子目录下不能运行。

4、[root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql]# ls /data/mysql/ -l total 110620 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Feb 10 22:38 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Feb 10 22:38 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 938 Feb 10 22:38 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 10 22:38 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 10 22:38 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 10 22:38 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Feb 10 22:38 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Feb 10 22:38 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 6 Feb 10 22:38 test 此时已经生成相应的数据库了，如上。 [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql]# ls bin include README-wsrep COPYING INSTALL-BINARY scripts COPYING.thirdparty lib share CREDITS man sql-bench data mysql-test support-files EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT README.md [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql]# cd support-files/ [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# ls binary-configure my-medium.cnf policy magic my-small.cnf wsrep.cnf my-huge.cnf mysqld_multi.server wsrep_notify my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysql-log-rotate my-large.cnf mysql.server 上述文件中就已可以用作mysql配置文件的模板范例配置文件。 5、[root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# mkdir /etc/mysql [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cp my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 384M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size = 32M 我们创建一个文件并cp文件，编辑进入“ ”datadir=/data/mysql ”内容。我们欠缺一个启动脚本，我们拷贝一份并改名，【】我们把它启动起来，如下： 6、[root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# ls binary-configure my-medium.cnf policy magic my-small.cnf wsrep.cnf my-huge.cnf mysqld_multi.server wsrep_notify my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysql-log-rotate my-large.cnf mysql.server [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@centos7 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cd /etc/init.d [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# ls functions mysqld netconsole network README [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# service mysqld status ERROR! MariaDB is not running 现在，我们启动服务，并查看端口： [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# service mysqld start Reloading systemd: [ OK ] Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ] [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :111 :
LISTEN 0 128 :6000 :
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 :
LISTEN 0 128 :22 :
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 :
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 :
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 :
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::
LISTEN 0 128 :::6000 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
[root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# ls /data/mysql/ aria_log.00000001 ibdata1 multi-master.info performance_schema aria_log_control ib_logfile0 mysql test centos7.pid ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# ll /data/mysql/ total 122920 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Feb 10 22:38 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Feb 10 22:38 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 Feb 10 22:55 centos7.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 938 Feb 10 22:38 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 10 22:55 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 10 22:55 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 10 22:38 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 10 22:55 ibtmp1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Feb 10 22:55 multi-master.info drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Feb 10 22:38 mysql -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Feb 10 22:55 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Feb 10 22:55 mysql-bin.index drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Feb 10 22:38 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 6 Feb 10 22:38 test 文件已经生成，我们的MySQL服务就可以连接了，10.2.22版本，如下： [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 10 Server version: 10.2.22-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 我们为了安全，要跑一个安全加固脚本， 7、root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# which mysql_secure_installation /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y 删除匿名用户 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y 禁止远程登录 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y 删除text账号

Dropping test database... ... Success!
Removing privileges on test database... ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y 使其生效 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB! [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) 可以看到匿名用户就登陆不了了， [root@centos7 /etc/init.d]# mysql -uroot -p12345gxy Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 20 Server version: 10.2.22-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 只有输入正确的密码用户才能登陆，到此，二进制编译安装已经完成。步骤总结： 1 准备用户和组 useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r mysql 2 准备二进制程序文件 tar xvf mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local/ ln -s mariadb-10.2.22-linux-x86_64/ mysql chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/ 3 PATH变量 cat /etc/profile.d/env.sh PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH 4 准备数据库数据目录和数据（4和2是两码事，不要混淆） mkdir /data/mysql -pv chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/ cd /usr/local/mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql 5 准备Mysql的服务器端的配置文件 mkdir /etc/mysql cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql 加一行 6 准备服务启动脚本 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld service mysqld start 7 安全加固 mysql_secure_installation