综述

　　对于ProGuard工具想必我们都不陌生，它能够通过移除无用代码，使用简短无意义的名称来重命名类，字段和方法。从而能够达到压缩、优化和混淆代码的目的。最终我们会获取一个较小的apk文件，并且我们这个通过ProGuard处理的apk文件更难于进行逆向工程。

ProGuard工作原理简介

　　ProGuard能够对Java类中的代码进行压缩（Shrink）,优化（Optimize）,混淆（Obfuscate）,预检（Preveirfy）。 

　　1. 压缩（Shrink）:在压缩处理这一步中，用于检测和删除没有使用的类，字段，方法和属性。 

　　2. 优化（Optimize）:在优化处理这一步中，对字节码进行优化，并且移除无用指令。 

　　3. 混淆（Obfuscate）:在混淆处理这一步中，使用a,b,c等无意义的名称，对类，字段和方法进行重命名。 

　　4. 预检（Preveirfy）:在预检这一步中，主要是在Java平台上对处理后的代码进行预检。 

　　对于ProGuard执行流程图如下图所示。 

　　

ios混淆后分享功能失败怎么回事_jar


　　对于ProGuard的原理更详细的介绍可以参考Proguard手册，在这里就不在进行更详细的介绍。

ProGuard使用

　　ProGuard已集成到Android构建系统中，所以我们不用手动调用这个工具。我们可以选择在只发布模式下构建系统的时候再去运行ProGuard。 
　　在AndroidStudio中我们需要将Proguard添加到gradle.build文件的构建类型当中。不过在我们创建一个Android工程的时候，系统已经自动为我们添加到了gradle.build中。

buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled true
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}


minifyEnabled:开启混淆,我们新建的工程默认为false，因此，如果我们需要开启混淆的话就需要手动设为true。 


proguardFiles:这部分有两段，前一段代表系统默认的android程序的混淆文件，该文件已经包含了基本的混淆声明，免去了我们很多事，这个文件的目录在/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt , 后一部分是我们项目里的自定义的混淆文件，目录就在 app/proguard-rules.pro,在这个文件里我们可以声明一些我们所需要的定制的混淆规则。




不能混淆的项

  • Android系统组件，系统组件有固定的方法被系统调用。
  • 被Android Resource 文件引用到的。名字已经固定，也不能混淆，比如自定义的View 。
  • Android Parcelable ，需要使用android 序列化的。
  • 其他Anroid 官方建议 不混淆的，如
  • android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
  • android.preference.Preference
  • com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
  • Java序列化方法，系统序列化需要固定的方法。
  • 枚举 ，系统需要处理枚举的固定方法。
  • 本地方法，不能修改本地方法名
  • annotations 注释
  • 数据库驱动
  • 有些resource 文件
  • 用到反射的地方


使用proguard混淆代码是对产品本身的一种保护，常见的方法就是编写projuard-rules.pro配置文件

# This is a configuration file for ProGuard.
# http://proguard.sourceforge.net/index.html#manual/usage.html

//混淆时不使用大小写混合类名
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
//不跳过library中的非public的类
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
//打印混淆的详细信息
-verbose
 
# Optimization is turned off by default. Dex does not like code run
# through the ProGuard optimize and preverify steps (and performs some
# of these optimizations on its own).
//不进行优化，建议使用此选项，理由见上
-dontoptimize
//不进行预校验，预校验是作用在Java平台上的，Android平台上不需要这项功能，去掉之后还可以加快混淆速度
-dontpreverify
# Note that if you want to enable optimization, you cannot just
# include optimization flags in your own project configuration file;
# instead you will need to point to the
# "proguard-android-optimize.txt" file instead of this one from your
# project.properties file.
 
//保留注解参数
-keepattributes *Annotation*
//保留Google原生服务需要的类
-keep public class com.google.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
 
# For native methods, see http://proguard.sourceforge.net/manual/examples.html#native
//保留native方法的类名和方法名
-keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
    native <methods>;
}
 
# keep setters in Views so that animations can still work.
# see http://proguard.sourceforge.net/manual/examples.html#beans
//保留自定义View,如"属性动画"中的set/get方法
-keepclassmembers public class * extends android.view.View {
   void set*(***);
   *** get*();
}
 
# We want to keep methods in Activity that could be used in the XML attribute onClick
//保留Activity中参数是View的方法，如XML中配置android:onClick=”buttonClick”属性，Activity中调用的buttonClick(View view)方法
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity {
   public void *(android.view.View);
}
 
# For enumeration classes, see http://proguard.sourceforge.net/manual/examples.html#enumerations
//保留混淆枚举中的values()和valueOf()方法
-keepclassmembers enum * {
    public static **[] values();
    public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
}
 
//Parcelable实现类中的CREATOR字段是绝对不能改变的，包括大小写
-keepclassmembers class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
  public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator CREATOR;
}
 
//R文件中的所有记录资源id的静态字段
-keepclassmembers class **.R$* {
    public static <fields>;
}
 
# The support library contains references to newer platform versions.
# Dont warn about those in case this app is linking against an older
# platform version.  We know about them, and they are safe.
//忽略support包因为版本兼容产生的警告
-dontwarn android.support.**

# This is a configuration file for ProGuard.
# http://proguard.sourceforge.net/index.html#manual/usage.html

//混淆时不使用大小写混合类名
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
//不跳过library中的非public的类
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
//打印混淆的详细信息
-verbose
 
# Optimization is turned off by default. Dex does not like code run
# through the ProGuard optimize and preverify steps (and performs some
# of these optimizations on its own).
//不进行优化，建议使用此选项，理由见上
-dontoptimize
//不进行预校验，预校验是作用在Java平台上的，Android平台上不需要这项功能，去掉之后还可以加快混淆速度
-dontpreverify
# Note that if you want to enable optimization, you cannot just
# include optimization flags in your own project configuration file;
# instead you will need to point to the
# "proguard-android-optimize.txt" file instead of this one from your
# project.properties file.
 
//保留注解参数
-keepattributes *Annotation*
//保留Google原生服务需要的类
-keep public class com.google.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
 
# For native methods, see http://proguard.sourceforge.net/manual/examples.html#native
//保留native方法的类名和方法名
-keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
    native <methods>;
}
 
# keep setters in Views so that animations can still work.
# see http://proguard.sourceforge.net/manual/examples.html#beans
//保留自定义View,如"属性动画"中的set/get方法
-keepclassmembers public class * extends android.view.View {
   void set*(***);
   *** get*();
}
 
# We want to keep methods in Activity that could be used in the XML attribute onClick
//保留Activity中参数是View的方法，如XML中配置android:onClick=”buttonClick”属性，Activity中调用的buttonClick(View view)方法
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity {
   public void *(android.view.View);
}
 
# For enumeration classes, see http://proguard.sourceforge.net/manual/examples.html#enumerations
//保留混淆枚举中的values()和valueOf()方法
-keepclassmembers enum * {
    public static **[] values();
    public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
}
 
//Parcelable实现类中的CREATOR字段是绝对不能改变的，包括大小写
-keepclassmembers class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
  public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator CREATOR;
}
 
//R文件中的所有记录资源id的静态字段
-keepclassmembers class **.R$* {
    public static <fields>;
}
 
# The support library contains references to newer platform versions.
# Dont warn about those in case this app is linking against an older
# platform version.  We know about them, and they are safe.
//忽略support包因为版本兼容产生的警告
-dontwarn android.support.**

Proguard关键字

关键字                      描述
keep                        保留类和类中的成员，防止被混淆或移除
keepnames                   保留类和类中的成员，防止被混淆，成员没有被引用会被移除
keepclassmembers            只保留类中的成员，防止被混淆或移除
keepclassmembernames        只保留类中的成员，防止被混淆，成员没有引用会被移除
keepclasseswithmembers      保留类和类中的成员，防止被混淆或移除，保留指明的成员
keepclasseswithmembernames  保留类和类中的成员，防止被混淆，保留指明的成员，成员没有引用会被移除

Proguard通配符

通配符      描述
<field>     匹配类中的所有字段
<method>    匹配类中所有的方法
<init>      匹配类中所有的构造函数
*           匹配任意长度字符，不包含包名分隔符(.)
**          匹配任意长度字符，包含包名分隔符(.)
***         匹配任意参数类型
...

指定混淆时可使用字典

-applymapping filename 指定重用一个已经写好了的map文件作为新旧元素名的映射。
-obfuscationdictionary filename 指定一个文本文件用来生成混淆后的名字。
-classobfuscationdictionary filename 指定一个混淆类名的字典
-packageobfuscationdictionary filename 指定一个混淆包名的字典
-overloadaggressively 混淆的时候大量使用重载，多个方法名使用同一个混淆名（慎用）

    # 这里巧妙地使用java中的关键字作字典，混淆之后的代码更加不利于阅读
    #
    # This obfuscation dictionary contains reserved Java keywords. They can't
    # be used in Java source files, but they can be used in compiled class files.
    # Note that this hardly improves the obfuscation. Decent decompilers can
    # automatically replace reserved keywords, and the effect can fairly simply be
    # undone by obfuscating again with simpler names.
    # Usage:
    #     java -jar proguard.jar ..... -obfuscationdictionary keywords.txt
    #
    
    do
    if
    for
    int
    new
    try
    byte
    case
    char
    else
    goto
    long
    this
    void
    break
    catch
    class
    const
    final
    float
    short
    super
    throw
    while
    double
    import
    native
    public
    return
    static
    switch
    throws
    boolean
    default
    extends
    finally
    package
    private
    abstract
    continue
    strictfp
    volatile
    interface
    protected
    transient
    implements
    instanceof
    synchronized

-applymapping filename 指定重用一个已经写好了的map文件作为新旧元素名的映射。
-obfuscationdictionary filename 指定一个文本文件用来生成混淆后的名字。
-classobfuscationdictionary filename 指定一个混淆类名的字典
-packageobfuscationdictionary filename 指定一个混淆包名的字典
-overloadaggressively 混淆的时候大量使用重载，多个方法名使用同一个混淆名（慎用）

    # 这里巧妙地使用java中的关键字作字典，混淆之后的代码更加不利于阅读
    #
    # This obfuscation dictionary contains reserved Java keywords. They can't
    # be used in Java source files, but they can be used in compiled class files.
    # Note that this hardly improves the obfuscation. Decent decompilers can
    # automatically replace reserved keywords, and the effect can fairly simply be
    # undone by obfuscating again with simpler names.
    # Usage:
    #     java -jar proguard.jar ..... -obfuscationdictionary keywords.txt
    #
    
    do
    if
    for
    int
    new
    try
    byte
    case
    char
    else
    goto
    long
    this
    void
    break
    catch
    class
    const
    final
    float
    short
    super
    throw
    while
    double
    import
    native
    public
    return
    static
    switch
    throws
    boolean
    default
    extends
    finally
    package
    private
    abstract
    continue
    strictfp
    volatile
    interface
    protected
    transient
    implements
    instanceof
    synchronized

使用proguardgui对jar包进行混淆

proguardgui工具支持Shrinking(压缩)、Optimization(优化)、Obfuscation(混淆)、Preverification(预校验)四项操作

详细步骤：
    1 Load configuration --> Next
    2 Add input/Add output
    3 添加jar包依赖
        JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar
        Android_SDK/platfroms/android-23/android.jar
        AndroidStudioProjects/ProjectName/app/build/intermediates/exploded-aar/com.android.support/appcompat-v7/23.4.0/jars/classes.jar
        AndroidStudioProjects/ProjectName/app/build/intermediates/exploded-aar/com.android.support/support-v4/23.4.0/jars/classes.jar
        AndroidStudioProjects/ProjectName/app/build/intermediates/exploded-aar/com.android.support/support-v4/23.4.0/jars/libs/internal_impl-23.4.0.jar
        其他第三方jar文件
    4 Don`t use Shrink --> Next
    5 Add --> Extends/implements class --> android.app.Activity --> ok --> Next
    6 Next
    7 Next
    8 View configuration
tips:
    AndroidStudio中生成jar文件方法：
    jar -cvf filename.jar -C app/build/intermediates/classes/debug

proguardgui工具支持Shrinking(压缩)、Optimization(优化)、Obfuscation(混淆)、Preverification(预校验)四项操作

详细步骤：
    1 Load configuration --> Next
    2 Add input/Add output
    3 添加jar包依赖
        JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar
        Android_SDK/platfroms/android-23/android.jar
        AndroidStudioProjects/ProjectName/app/build/intermediates/exploded-aar/com.android.support/appcompat-v7/23.4.0/jars/classes.jar
        AndroidStudioProjects/ProjectName/app/build/intermediates/exploded-aar/com.android.support/support-v4/23.4.0/jars/classes.jar
        AndroidStudioProjects/ProjectName/app/build/intermediates/exploded-aar/com.android.support/support-v4/23.4.0/jars/libs/internal_impl-23.4.0.jar
        其他第三方jar文件
    4 Don`t use Shrink --> Next
    5 Add --> Extends/implements class --> android.app.Activity --> ok --> Next
    6 Next
    7 Next
    8 View configuration
tips:
    AndroidStudio中生成jar文件方法：
    jar -cvf filename.jar -C app/build/intermediates/classes/debug

5分钟快速混淆

#-------------------------------------------定制化区域----------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------1.实体类---------------------------------

-keep class com.demo.login.bean.** { *; }
-keep class com.demo.main.bean.** { *; }

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------2.第三方包-------------------------------

#eventBus
-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keepclassmembers class ** {
    @org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe <methods>;
}
-keep enum org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode { *; }
-keepclassmembers class * extends org.greenrobot.eventbus.util.ThrowableFailureEvent {
    <init>(java.lang.Throwable);
}

#glide
-keep public class * implements com.bumptech.glide.module.GlideModule
-keep public enum com.bumptech.glide.load.resource.bitmap.ImageHeaderParser$** {
  **[] $VALUES;
  public *;
}

#log4j
-libraryjars log4j-1.2.17.jar
-dontwarn org.apache.log4j.**
-keep class  org.apache.log4j.** { *;}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------3.与js互相调用的类------------------------

-keepclasseswithmembers class com.demo.login.bean.ui.MainActivity$JSInterface { 
      <methods>; 
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------4.反射相关的类和方法-----------------------
# 有
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#-------------------------------------------基本不用动区域--------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------基本指令区----------------------------------
-optimizationpasses 5
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclassmembers
-dontpreverify
-verbose
-printmapping proguardMapping.txt
-optimizations !code/simplification/cast,!field/*,!class/merging/*
-keepattributes *Annotation*,InnerClasses
-keepattributes Signature
-keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------默认保留区---------------------------------
-keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
-keep public class * extends android.app.Application
-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
-keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
-keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
-keep public class * extends android.view.View
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
-keep class android.support.** {*;}

-keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
    native <methods>;
}
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity{
    public void *(android.view.View);
}
-keepclassmembers enum * {
    public static **[] values();
    public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
}
-keep public class * extends android.view.View{
    *** get*();
    void set*(***);
    public <init>(android.content.Context);
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}
-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}
-keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
  public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *;
}
-keepclassmembers class * implements java.io.Serializable {
    static final long serialVersionUID;
    private static final java.io.ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields;
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream);
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream);
    java.lang.Object writeReplace();
    java.lang.Object readResolve();
}
-keep class **.R$* {
 *;
}
-keepclassmembers class * {
    void *(**On*Event);
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------webview------------------------------------
-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.Webview {
   public *;
}
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.webkit.WebViewClient {
    public void *(android.webkit.WebView, java.lang.String, android.graphics.Bitmap);
    public boolean *(android.webkit.WebView, java.lang.String);
}
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.webkit.WebViewClient {
    public void *(android.webkit.WebView, jav.lang.String);
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 删除代码中Log相关的代码
-assumenosideeffects class android.util.Log {
    public static boolean isLoggable(java.lang.String, int);
    public static int v(...);
    public static int i(...);
    public static int w(...);
    public static int d(...);
    public static int e(...);
}

#-------------------------------------------定制化区域----------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------1.实体类---------------------------------

-keep class com.demo.login.bean.** { *; }
-keep class com.demo.main.bean.** { *; }

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------2.第三方包-------------------------------

#eventBus
-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keepclassmembers class ** {
    @org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe <methods>;
}
-keep enum org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode { *; }
-keepclassmembers class * extends org.greenrobot.eventbus.util.ThrowableFailureEvent {
    <init>(java.lang.Throwable);
}

#glide
-keep public class * implements com.bumptech.glide.module.GlideModule
-keep public enum com.bumptech.glide.load.resource.bitmap.ImageHeaderParser$** {
  **[] $VALUES;
  public *;
}

#log4j
-libraryjars log4j-1.2.17.jar
-dontwarn org.apache.log4j.**
-keep class  org.apache.log4j.** { *;}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------3.与js互相调用的类------------------------

-keepclasseswithmembers class com.demo.login.bean.ui.MainActivity$JSInterface { 
      <methods>; 
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------4.反射相关的类和方法-----------------------
# 有
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#-------------------------------------------基本不用动区域--------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------基本指令区----------------------------------
-optimizationpasses 5
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclassmembers
-dontpreverify
-verbose
-printmapping proguardMapping.txt
-optimizations !code/simplification/cast,!field/*,!class/merging/*
-keepattributes *Annotation*,InnerClasses
-keepattributes Signature
-keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------默认保留区---------------------------------
-keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
-keep public class * extends android.app.Application
-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
-keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
-keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
-keep public class * extends android.view.View
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
-keep class android.support.** {*;}

-keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
    native <methods>;
}
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity{
    public void *(android.view.View);
}
-keepclassmembers enum * {
    public static **[] values();
    public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
}
-keep public class * extends android.view.View{
    *** get*();
    void set*(***);
    public <init>(android.content.Context);
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}
-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}
-keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
  public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *;
}
-keepclassmembers class * implements java.io.Serializable {
    static final long serialVersionUID;
    private static final java.io.ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields;
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream);
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream);
    java.lang.Object writeReplace();
    java.lang.Object readResolve();
}
-keep class **.R$* {
 *;
}
-keepclassmembers class * {
    void *(**On*Event);
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------webview------------------------------------
-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.Webview {
   public *;
}
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.webkit.WebViewClient {
    public void *(android.webkit.WebView, java.lang.String, android.graphics.Bitmap);
    public boolean *(android.webkit.WebView, java.lang.String);
}
-keepclassmembers class * extends android.webkit.WebViewClient {
    public void *(android.webkit.WebView, jav.lang.String);
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 删除代码中Log相关的代码
-assumenosideeffects class android.util.Log {
    public static boolean isLoggable(java.lang.String, int);
    public static int v(...);
    public static int i(...);
    public static int w(...);
    public static int d(...);
    public static int e(...);
}

网上有很多5分钟完成混淆规则的教程，但如何更优雅的完成这一枯燥的过程，即使用@Keep注解，使混淆变得轻松愉快

在proguard-rules.pro配置文件中加入以下规则

#手动启用support keep注解
#http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/support-annotations
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclassmembers
-printconfiguration
-keep,allowobfuscation @interface android.support.annotation.Keep

-keep @android.support.annotation.Keep class *
-keepclassmembers class * {
    @android.support.annotation.Keep *;
}

#手动启用support keep注解
#http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/support-annotations
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclassmembers
-printconfiguration
-keep,allowobfuscation @interface android.support.annotation.Keep

-keep @android.support.annotation.Keep class *
-keepclassmembers class * {
    @android.support.annotation.Keep *;
}

哪里不对@Keep哪里，妈妈再也不用担心我不会混淆啦……