1.概述

（1）概念

延迟队列，队列内部是有序的，最重要的特性就体现在它的延时性上，延时队列中的元素是希望在指定时间到了以后或之前取出或处理，简单来说，延迟队列就是用来存放需要在指定时间被处理的元素的队列

（2）使用 场景

  • 订单在十分钟之内未支付则自动取消
  • 新创建的店铺，如果在十天内都没上传过商品，则自动发送消息提醒
  • 用户注册成功之后，如果三天内没有登录则进行短信提醒
  • 用户发起退款，如果三天内没有得到处理则通知相关运营人员
  • 预订会议后，需要在预订的时间点前十分钟通知各个与会人员参加会议

2.代码

RabbitMQ SpirngBoot延迟队列_rabbitmq

（1）pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.6.6</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.mq.rabbit</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot-rabbit</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springboot-rabbit</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>


		<!--RabbitMQ 依赖-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.47</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--swagger-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
			<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
			<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
			<version>2.9.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<!--RabbitMQ 测试依赖-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>


	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

（2）配置文件application.properties

spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.mvc.pathmatch.matching-strategy=ant_path_matcher

（3）配置类

package com.mq.rabbit.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {
    @Bean
    public Docket webApiConfig(){
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                .groupName("webApi")
                .apiInfo(webApiInfo())
                .select() .build();
    }
    private ApiInfo webApiInfo(){
        return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                .title("rabbitmq 接口文档")
                .description("本文档描述了 rabbitmq 微服务接口定义")
                .version("1.0")
                .contact(new Contact("rabbitmq", "https://www.rabbitmq.com/#getstarted",
                        "123456@qq.com"))
                .build();
    }
}

package com.mq.rabbit.config;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class TtlQueueConfig {

    public static final String X_EXCHANGE = "X";
    public static final String QUEUE_A = "QA";
    public static final String QUEUE_B = "QB";
    public static final String Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "Y";
    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "QD";

    // 声明 xExchange
    @Bean("xExchange")
    public DirectExchange xExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(X_EXCHANGE);
    }
    // 声明 xExchange
    @Bean("yExchange")
    public DirectExchange yExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
    }


    @Bean("queueA")
    public Queue queueA(){
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
        //声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
        //声明队列的 TTL
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 10000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_A).withArguments(args).build();
    }
    // 声明队列 A 绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queueaBindingX(@Qualifier("queueA") Queue queueA,
                                  @Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(xExchange).with("XA");
    }
    //声明队列 B ttl 为 40s 并绑定到对应的死信交换机
    @Bean("queueB")
    public Queue queueB(){
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(3);
        //声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
        //声明队列的 TTL
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 40000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_B).withArguments(args).build();
    }
    //声明队列 B 绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queuebBindingX(@Qualifier("queueB") Queue queue1B,
                                  @Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1B).to(xExchange).with("XB");
    }
    //声明死信队列 QD
    @Bean("queueD")
    public Queue queueD(){
        return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE);
    }
    //声明死信队列 QD 绑定关系
    @Bean
    public Binding deadLetterBindingQAD(@Qualifier("queueD") Queue queueD,
                                        @Qualifier("yExchange") DirectExchange yExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(yExchange).with("YD");
    }

}

（4）生产者

package com.mq.rabbit.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 发送延迟消息
 */
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("ttl")
@RestController
public class SendMsgController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @GetMapping("sendMsg/{message}")
    public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message){ log.info("当前时间：{},发送一条信息给两个 TTL 队列:{}", new Date(), message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XA", "消息来自 ttl 为 10S 的队列: "+message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XB", "消息来自 ttl 为 40S 的队列: "+message);
    }
}

（5）消费者

package com.mq.rabbit.consumer;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 队列TTL消费者
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "QD")
    public void receiveD(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        String msg = new String(message.getBody());
        log.info("当前时间：{},收到死信队列信息{}", new Date().toString(), msg);
    }
}

3.执行效果

RabbitMQ SpirngBoot延迟队列_java_02

4.优化

增加普通队列C,设置消息过期时间

RabbitMQ SpirngBoot延迟队列_spring_03

（1） 队列配置增加

 // 声明队列C
    @Bean("queueC")
    public Queue queueC() {
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
        //声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        //声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "YD");
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_C).withArguments(args).build();
    }

    // 声明队列 C 绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queueCBindingX(@Qualifier("queueC") Queue queueC,
                                  @Qualifier("xExchange") DirectExchange xExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC).to(xExchange).with("XC");
    }

 （2）生产者

    @GetMapping("/sendExpirationMsg/{message}/{ttlTime}")
    public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message, @PathVariable String ttlTime) {
        log.info("当前时间：{},发送一条时长{}毫秒TTL信息给队列QC:{}", new Date().toString(), ttlTime, message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("X", "XC", message, msg -> {
            // 发送消息的时候 延迟时长
            msg.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(ttlTime);
            return msg;
        });
    }

（3）执行效果

启用应用然后访问

http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendExpirationMsg/%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%201/20000

http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendExpirationMsg/%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%202/2000 

RabbitMQ SpirngBoot延迟队列_springboot_04

 问题：如果使用在消息属性上设置TTL过期时间的方式，消息可能并不会按时过期，因为RabbitMQ只会检查第一个消息是否过期，如果过期则丢到死信队列，如果第一个消息的延迟时长很长，而第二个消息的延迟时长很短，第二个消息并不会有限得到执行