​





在PostgreSQL9.5之前的版本中，修改系统参数一般的步骤是：

1、连接到PostgreSQL数据库服务器；

2、打开postgresql.conf文件，找到需要修改的参数，修改参数的值为所需要的值；

3、执行restart或reload使修改生效；

还有一点比较不方便的是，不能很直观的看到需要重启才生效的参数到底生效了没有，只能把参数show出来观察是否满足预期。

在PostgreSQL9.5中，增加了ALTER SYSTEM命令，并且在pg_settings视图中增加了pending_restart(boolean)列，该列标识了是否在重启之后才生效，使得修改参数和查看参数是否生效都方便了很多。步骤可以简化为：

1、执行ALTER SYSTEM命令

2、执行restart或reload使修改生效；

对于脚本的支持也好了很多，而且通过ALTER SYSTEM配置的参数都会保存在postgresql.auto.conf文件中，需要清除这些配置也只需要一条命令就可以很方便的处理完成，下面有详细的解释。

ALTER SYSTEM语法


vincent=# \h ALTER SYSTEM
Command:     ALTER SYSTEM
Description: change a server configuration parameter
Syntax:
ALTER SYSTEM SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
ALTER SYSTEM RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER SYSTEM RESET ALL

vincent=# \h ALTER SYSTEMCommand: ALTER SYSTEMDescription: change a server configuration parameterSyntax:ALTER SYSTEM SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }ALTER SYSTEM RESET configuration_parameterALTER SYSTEM RESET ALL


示例

举两个例子，一个是​​shared_buffers​​参数，该参数需要重启生效；另一个是​​work_mem​​参数，该参数只需要​​pg_ctl reload​​或​​SELECT pg_reload_conf();​​就可以生效。

通过show命令查看，当前的shared_buffers的值为128MB


vincent=# show shared_buffers;
 shared_buffers 
----------------
 128MB
(1 row)

vincent=# show shared_buffers; shared_buffers ---------------- 128MB(1 row)


也可以直接从pg_settings表中去查


vincent=# \x
Expanded display is on.
vincent=# select * from pg_settings where name = 'shared_buffers';
-[ RECORD 1 ]---+-------------------------------------------------------------
name            | shared_buffers
setting         | 16384
unit            | 8kB
category        | Resource Usage / Memory
short_desc      | Sets the number of shared memory buffers used by the server.
extra_desc      | 
context         | postmaster
vartype         | integer
source          | configuration file
min_val         | 16
max_val         | 1073741823
enumvals        | 
boot_val        | 1024
reset_val       | 16384
sourcefile      | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.conf
sourceline      | 115
pending_restart | f

vincent=# \xExpanded display is on.vincent=# select * from pg_settings where name = 'shared_buffers';-[ RECORD 1 ]---+-------------------------------------------------------------name | shared_bufferssetting | 16384unit | 8kBcategory | Resource Usage / Memoryshort_desc | Sets the number of shared memory buffers used by the server.extra_desc | context | postmastervartype | integersource | configuration filemin_val | 16max_val | 1073741823enumvals | boot_val | 1024reset_val | 16384sourcefile | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.confsourceline | 115pending_restart | f


执行ALTER SYSTEM命令修改shared_buffers为1GB


vincent=# ALTER SYSTEM SET shared_buffers = '1GB';
ALTER SYSTEM

vincent=# ALTER SYSTEM SET shared_buffers = '1GB';ALTER SYSTEM


查看pg_settings表，有哪些参数在等待生效：


vincent=# select name,setting,category,source,sourcefile,pending_restart from pg_settings where pending_restart = true;
-[ RECORD 1 ]---+--------------------------------
name            | shared_buffers
setting         | 16384
category        | Resource Usage / Memory
source          | configuration file
sourcefile      | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.conf
pending_restart | t

vincent=# select name,setting,category,source,sourcefile,pending_restart from pg_settings where pending_restart = true;-[ RECORD 1 ]---+--------------------------------name | shared_bufferssetting | 16384category | Resource Usage / Memorysource | configuration filesourcefile | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.confpending_restart | t


重新启动DB


vincent@dellpad:~$ pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdev/data/ -m fast restart

vincent@dellpad:~$ pg_ctl -D /opt/pgdev/data/ -m fast restart


通过查询pg_settings表看到shared_buffers已经生效


vincent=# select name,setting,category,source,sourcefile,pending_restart from pg_settings where name='shared_buffers';
      name      | setting |        category         |       source       |              sourcefile              | pending_restart 
----------------+---------+-------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------
 shared_buffers | 131072  | Resource Usage / Memory | configuration file | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.auto.conf | f
(1 row)

vincent=# select name,setting,category,source,sourcefile,pending_restart from pg_settings where name='shared_buffers'; name | setting | category | source | sourcefile | pending_restart ----------------+---------+-------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------- shared_buffers | 131072 | Resource Usage / Memory | configuration file | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.auto.conf | f(1 row)


如果想清除所有通过ALTER SYSTEM命令配置的参数值，执行


vincent=# ALTER SYSTEM RESET ALL;
ALTER SYSTEM

vincent=# ALTER SYSTEM RESET ALL;ALTER SYSTEM


下面是对work_mem的修改，就不逐步解释了


vincent=# ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '1MB';
ALTER SYSTEM
vincent=# 
vincent=# select name,setting,unit,category,source,sourcefile,pending_restart from pg_settings where name='work_mem';
   name   | setting | unit |        category         | source  | sourcefile | pending_restart 
----------+---------+------+-------------------------+---------+------------+-----------------
 work_mem | 4096    | kB   | Resource Usage / Memory | default |            | f
(1 row)
vincent=# select pg_reload_conf();
 pg_reload_conf 
----------------
 t
(1 row)
vincent=# select name,setting,unit,category,source,sourcefile,pending_restart from pg_settings where name='work_mem';
   name   | setting | unit |        category         |       source       |              sourcefile              | pending_restart 
----------+---------+------+-------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------
 work_mem | 1024    | kB   | Resource Usage / Memory | configuration file | /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.auto.conf | f
(1 row)
vincent=# \! cat /opt/pgdev/data/postgresql.auto.conf
# Do not edit this file manually!
# It will be overwritten by ALTER SYSTEM command.
work_mem = '1MB'
vincent=#