文件上传
1.要有一个form标签,method=post请求

2.form标签的encType属性的值必须为multipart/form-data值

3.在from标签中使用input type=file添加上传的文件

4.编写服务器代码接收上传的数据

Content-Type:表示提交的数据类型

enctype="multipart/form-data":表示提交的数据,以多段(每一个表单一个数据段)的形式进行拼接,然后以二进制流的形式发送给服务器

boundary:表示每段数据的分隔符

----WebKitFormBoundaryOZ1BoZwqflbGWUBH是由浏览器每次都随机生成,他就是每段数据的分界符

package com.pero.file.file_upload;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("文件上传");
    }
}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.pero.file.file_upload.UploadServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/uploadServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 23:08
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://localhost:8080/file_Upload/uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
    头像:<input type="file" name="photo"/><br>
    <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>

常用API
导入commons-fileupload-1.3.3.jar和commons-io-2.6.jar包到项目lib目录下

常用类:

ServletFileUpload类:用于解析上传的数据

FileItem类:表示每一个表单项

boolean ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(HttpServletRequest request):判断当前上传的数据格式是否为多段的格式

public List<FileItem> parseRequest(HttpServletRequest request):解析上传数据

boolean isFormField():判断当前表单项是普通表单项还是上传的文件类型,true表示表单项,false表示上传的文件类型

String getFieldName():获取表单项的name属性值

String getString():获取当前表单项的值

String getName():获取上传的文件名

void write(File var1) throws Exception:将上传的文件写到参数file所指向的硬盘位置

文件上传测试

package com.pero.servlet;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //先判断上传数据是否为多段数据(只有多段数据才是文件上传的)
        if (ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)) {
            //创建FileItemFactory工厂实现类
            FileItemFactory fileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
            //创建用于解析上传数据的工具类
            ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(fileItemFactory);
            //解析上传的数据得到每一个表单项Item
            try {
                List<FileItem> list = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(req);
                //循环判断每一个表单项是普通类型还是上传文件
                for (FileItem fileItem : list) {
                    if (fileItem.isFormField()) {
                        //普通表单项
                        System.out.println("表单项的name属性值:" + fileItem.getFieldName());
                        //参数UTF-8解决中文乱码
                        System.out.println("表单项的value值:" + fileItem.getString("UTF-8"));
                    } else {
                        //上传文件
                        System.out.println("表单项的name属性值:" + fileItem.getFieldName());
                        System.out.println("上传文件名:" + fileItem.getName());
                        fileItem.write(new File("G:\\test" + fileItem.getName()));
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_6_0.xsd"
         version="6.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.pero.servlet.UploadServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/uploadServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2023/3/15
  Time: 23:08
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://192.168.42.31:8080/Upload_Web/uploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
    头像:<input type="file" name="photo"/><br>
    <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>

文件的下载
客户端发送请求告诉服务器需要下载什么文件,服务器过去要下载的文件名,读取要下载的文件内容,把下载的文件内容回传给客户端,再回传前,通过响应头告诉客户端返回的数据类型,还要通过响应头告诉客户端收到的数据是用于下载使用

常用API说明:

response.getOutputStream():获取响应输出流

servletContext.getResourceAsStream():用于读取要下载的内容(返回对象为输入流)

servletCOntext.getMimeType():获取要下载的文件类型

response.setContentType():在回传之前通过响应头告诉客户端返回的数据类型

response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode("你好.png","UTF-8"));该响应头是告诉浏览器,这个文件是要下载的文件。attachment表示附件,也就是下载的文件,fileName=后面的表示下载的文件名

package com.pero.servlet.download_web;

import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class Download extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取要下载的文件名
        String downloadFileName = "1.png";
        //2.读取要下载的文件内容(通过ServletContext对象读取)
        ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
        //获取要下载的文件类型
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType("/file/" + downloadFileName);
        System.out.println("下载的文件类型:" + mimeType);
        //再回传之前通过响应头告诉客户端返回的数据类型
        response.setContentType(mimeType);
        //还要告诉客户端收到的数据是用于下载使用(还是使用响应头)
        //Content-Disposition响应头表示收到的数据怎么处理
        //attachment表示指定下载的文件名
        //url编码是把汉字转换成%xx%xx的格式
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + URLEncoder.encode("你好.png","UTF-8"));
        InputStream resourceAsStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/file/" + downloadFileName);
        //获取响应输出流
        OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        //把要下载的文件内容回传给客户端
        //读取输入流中全部的数据赋值给输出流,输出给客户端
        IOUtils.copy(resourceAsStream, outputStream);
    }

    @Override
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Download</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.pero.servlet.download_web.Download</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Download</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/download</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

 

参考文章:http://blog.ncmem.com/wordpress/2023/11/25/javaweb-文件的上传和下载/