python web框架 flask与 sanic

原创

SongpingWang 2020-04-04 20:31:42 博主文章分类：python基础及相关 ©著作权

文章标签 python flask json html 文章分类 虚拟化云计算

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文章目录

一、Flask

Flask 简单请求功能
POST功能的简单接口

二、sanic

异步非堵塞
请求参数

一、Flask

Flask 简单请求功能

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,request
import os,sys,commands 
reload(sys) 
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') 

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return "Hello World!"


@app.route('/buildInterface/<string:task_id>',methods=['POST'])
def create_app(task_id):
  if task_id == "b06815c5078b99fa83da57b04bd8c25bd8cfef4b" :
      print (request.headers)
      print (request.form)
      print (request.form['app_name'])
      print (request.form['version'])
      print (request.form['hashcode'])
      app_name=request.form['app_name']
      version = request.form['version']
      hashcode =request.form['hashcode']
    
      #os.environ['app_name']=str(app_name)
      #os.environ['version']=str(version)
      #os.environ['hashcode']=str(hashcode)
    
      doshell = 'python /home/weblogic/rc_module.py %s %s %s' %(app_name,version,hashcode)
      status,output=commands.getstatusoutput(doshell)
      print (output )
      return ("脚本完毕")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(
        host = '0.0.0.0',
        port = 82,
        debug = True
        )

或者使用：

from flask import Flask,request
import os
from flask_restful import Resource, Api
from . import image_ocr

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)



todos = {}

class TodoSimple(Resource):
  def get(self,todo_id):
    result = {todo_id:todos[todo_id]}
    return result
  def put(self,todo_id)
    todos[todo_id] = request.form['data']
    if todo_id == "ocr":
      ocr = image_ocr.OCR()    # 文件名.类名
      result = ocr.main(todos[todo_id])
    else:
      result = 'ocr failed'
    return result
    
api.add_resource(TodoSimple,"/<string:todo_id>")


if __name__ == '__main__':
  port = int(os.environ.get('PORT',5000))
  app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=port)
  
  # image_ocr.py是进行OCR识别的，识别结果result=json.dumps({"field":"result"})

POST功能的简单接口

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import json
 
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
 
@app.route('/add/student/',methods=['post'])
def add_stu():
    if  not request.data:   #检测是否有数据
        return ('fail')
    student = request.data.decode('utf-8')
    #获取到POST过来的数据，因为我这里传过来的数据需要转换一下编码。根据晶具体情况而定
    student_json = json.loads(student)
    #把区获取到的数据转为JSON格式。
    return jsonify(student_json)
    #返回JSON数据。
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='192.168.1.154',port=1234)
    #这里指定了地址和端口号。

实现了POST上传的功能，接来我们，就需要来测试一下这个功能是否完好实现了。

import requests,json
 
data = {
    'id':1,
    'name':'lily',
    'age':11,
    'birthplace':'san',
    'grade':123
}
url = 'http://192.168.1.154:1234/add/student/'
 
r = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(data))
print(r.json())

python web框架 flask与 sanic_html

快速入门：https://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstart.html 拓展Flask: https://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/latest/extending.html

Flask的API文档：https://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html

二、sanic

类似Flask语法的异步框架sanic。
官方文档： https://www.osgeo.cn/sanic/sanic/getting_started.html 仅支持：macOS/linux 且 python 3.6+

推荐使用Anaconda 安装pip install sanic

简单的例子

from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import text
from sanic.exceptions import NotFound


app = Sanic(name="pyapp")

@app.route('/')
async def test(request):
    return  text('Hello World!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.error_handler.add(
        NotFound,
        lambda r, e: sanic.response.empty(status=404)
    )
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 输出：Hello World!

请求阻塞test.py

from time import sleep

app = Sanic(name="pyapp")

@app.route('/')
async def test(request):
    sleep(5)
    return json({'hello': 'world'})
...

重启服务，通过浏览器发送请求，我们发现请求耗时5秒，这显然对用户就不能忍受的。

异步非堵塞

import asyncio
from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import json
from sanic.exceptions import NotFound
from time import sleep, ctime

app = Sanic(name="pyapp")

async def task_sleep():
    print('sleep before', ctime())
    await asyncio.sleep(5)
    print('sleep after', ctime())


@app.route('/')
async def test(request):
    myLoop = request.app.loop
    myLoop.create_task(task_sleep())
    return json({'hello': 'world'})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.error_handler.add(
        NotFound,
        lambda r, e: sanic.response.empty(status=404)
    )
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

https://www.ucloud.cn/yun/41614.html

请求参数

要指定一个参数，可以用像这样的角引号<PARAM>包围它。请求参数将作为关键字参数传递给路线处理程序函数。

实例：

from sanic import Sanic
from sanic.response import text

app = Sanic()


@app.route("/")
async def index(request):
    return text('Hello World!')

@app.router('/tag/<tag>')
async def tag_handler(request, tag):
    return text('Tag - {}'.format(tag))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=9000)

$ curl

为参数指定类型，
在参数名后面添加（：类型）。如果参数不匹配指定的类型，Sanic将抛出一个不存在的异常，导致一个404页面

@app.route('/number/<integer_arg:int>')
async def integer_handler(request, integer_arg):
    return text('Integer - {}'.format(integer_arg))


@app.route('/number/<number_arg:number>')
async def number_handler(request, number_arg):
    return text('Number - {}'.format(number_arg))


@app.route('/person/<name:[A-z]+>')
async def person_handler(request, name):
    return text('Person - {}'.format(name))


@app.route('/folder/<folder_id:[A-z0-9]{0,4}>')
async def folder_handler(request, folder_id):
    return text('Folder - {}'.format(folder_id))

$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/number/1
Integer - 1
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/number/asds
Error: Requested URL /number/asds not found
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/number/12.0
Number - 12.0
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/person/junxi
Person - junxi
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/person/123
Error: Requested URL /person/123 not found
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/folder/img
Folder - img
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/folder/img1
Folder - img1
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/folder/images
Error: Requested URL /folder/images not found
$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/folder/2018
Folder - 2018

路由装饰器接受一个可选的参数，方法，它允许处理程序函数与列表中的任何HTTP方法一起工作。

@app.route('/post1', methods=['POST'])
async def post_handler(request):
    return text('POST request - {}'.format(request.json))


@app.route('/get1', methods=['GET'])
async def get_handler(request):
    return text('GET request - {}'.format(request.args))

$ curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/get1?name=junxi
GET request - {'name': ['junxi']}

$ curl -H "Content-type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"name":"junxi", "gender":"male"}' http://127.0.0.1:9000/post1 
POST request - {'name': 'junxi', 'gender': 'male'}