Samba
'Server Message Block(SMB信息服务块)是windows服务器和客户端之间实现文件共享的服务协议。'
'Samba是在linux和UNix系统上实现SMB协议的一个免费软件，由服务器及客户端程序构成'
'Samba的主要部分：两个守护程序：smbd和nmbd（对客户端提供NetBIOS名服务）'
'配置文件：/etc/smb.conf'
服务端软件包与客户端软件包
| 服务端软件包 | samba |
|---|---|
| 客户端软件包 | cifs-utils |
Samba监听端口
| TCP | UDP |
|---|---|
| 139/445 | 137/138 |
'tcp端口相对应的服务是smbd服务，其作用是提供对服务器中文件、打印资源的共享访问'
'Udp端口相对应的服务是nmbd服务，其作用是提供基于NetBIOS主机名称的解析'
Samba服务配置
| 服务端IP | 客户端IP |
|---|---|
| 192.168.228.21 | 192.168.228.20 |
'关闭防火墙'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# setenforce 0
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
'安装Samba服务程序'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum install samba*
'启动Samba服务程序'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl start smb
'设置smb服务随系统启动而启动'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl enable smb
samba主配置文件
'通过过滤筛选Samba服务程序已注释的配置文件'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# egrep -v '^#|^$' /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global] 全局参数
workgroup = SAMBA 工作组名称
security = user 安全验证方式，总共有四种
' share：无需验证身份，简单方便，安全性差 '
'usr：需要验证用户密码才可访问，安全性高'
'server：需要通过三方服务验证账号密码，（集中管理账户）'
'domain：使用域控制器进行身份验证'
passdb backend = tdbsam 定义用户后台的类型，共有3种
'smbpasswd：为系统用户设置Samba服务程序的密码'
'tdbsam：创建数据库文件并哦使用pdbedit命令建立samba服务程序'
'ldapsam：基于ldap服务进行账户验证'
printing = cups 设置Samba共享打印机的类型
printcap name = cups 设置共享打印机的配置文件
load printers = yes 设置在Samba服务启动时是否共享打印机设备
cups options = raw 打印机的选项
[homes] 共享参数
comment = Home Directories 描述信息
valid users = %S, %D%w%S 允许访问该共享的用户
browseable = No 指定共享信息是否在“网上邻居”中可见
read only = No
inherit acls = Yes
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/tmp
printable = Yes
create mask = 0600
browseable = No
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
write list = @printadmin root
force group = @printadmin
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
创建映射共享目录
'创建用户tom’
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# useradd -M tom
'为tom用户创建smb共享密码'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# smbpasswd -a tom
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user tom.
'假设这里映射tom用户为share用户，那么就要在/etc/samba/smbusers文件中添加如下内容：'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# echo 'tom = share' > /etc/samba/smbusers
'在/etc/samba/smb.conf添加如下内容：'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.
[global]
workgroup = SAMBA
security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
'创建一个共享目录yaoxiaorong'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# mkdir /opt/yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# chown -R tom.tom /opt/yaoxiaorong/
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 tom tom 6 Aug 6 21:38 yaoxiaorong
配置共享
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cat >> /etc/samba/smb.conf <<EOF
> [yaoxiaorong] 共享名
> comment = Is very happy 描述信息，任意字符串
> path = /opt/yaoxiaorong/ 共享目录路径
> browseable = yes 指定该共享是否可以浏览
> guest ok = yes 表示设置是否所有人均可访问共享目录
> writable = yes 指定该共享路径是否可写
> write list = share 表示设置允许写的用户和组
> public = yes 表示设置是否允许匿名用户访问
> EOF
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# tail -8 /etc/samba/smb.conf
[yaoxiaorong]
comment = Is very happy
path = /opt/yaoxiaorong/
browseable = yes
guest ok = yes
writable = yes
write list = share
public = yes
testparm
'测试配置文件是否有语法错误，以及显示最终生效的配置'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
重新启动smb服务：
'重新启动smb服务'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl restart smb
'重新加载smb服务'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl reload smb
在客户机查看samba服务器有哪些共享资源
'yum查找smbclient软件包的绝对路径'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum provides *bin/smbclient
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:05
samba-client-4.7.1-6.el7.x86_64 : Samba client programs
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/smbclient
samba-client-4.7.1-6.el7.x86_64 : Samba client programs
Repo : @base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/smbclient
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum install -y samba-client
'在客户机查看samba服务器有哪些共享资源'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.228.21 -U share
Enter SAMBA\share's password:
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
print$ Disk Printer Drivers
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.7.1)
yaoxiaorong Disk Is very happy
tom Disk Home Directories
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
将samba服务器的共享资源yaoxiaorong挂载到客户机本地
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# mkdir /opt/smb
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.228.21/yaoxiaorong /opt/smb -o username=share,password=1
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 5.0G 1.5G 3.5G 31% /
devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.8M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 10G 125M 9.9G 2% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-var 5.0G 165M 4.9G 4% /var
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
//192.168.228.21/yaoxiaorong 17G 1.8G 16G 11% /opt/smb
验证
'在客户机上进入共享目录创建新文件'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /opt/smb
[root@yaoxiaorong smb]# touch a
[root@yaoxiaorong smb]# mkdir b
[root@yaoxiaorong smb]# ls
a b
'在服务端查看共享的目录里面是否存在客户端创建的文件和目录'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /opt/yaoxiaorong/
[root@yaoxiaorong yaoxiaorong]# ls
a b
配置匿名共享
| 服务器IP | 客户端IP |
|---|---|
| 192.168.228.20/24 | 192.168.228.21/24 |
配置匿名共享时，还是需要关闭防火墙
'使用yum命令安装samba服务器'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# yum install samba-* -y
'然后在全局配置中添加如下内容：红色字体就是添加的内容'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.
[global]
workgroup = SAMBA
security = user
'map to guest = Bad User'
创建一个共享目录，创建目录名为yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# mkdir /opt/yaoxiaorong
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# chmod 777 /opt/yaoxiaorong/
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Aug 7 16:33 yaoxiaorong
'配置共享'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cat >> /etc/samba/smb.conf <<EOF
> [yaoxiaorong]
> comment = yaoxiaorong
> path = /opt/yaoxiaorong/
> browseable = yes
> guest ok = yes
> writable = yes
> public = yes
> EOF
启动smb服务：
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl start smb
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# systemctl restart smb
'在客户机查看samba服务器有哪些共享资源'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.228.20 -U 'Bad User'
Enter SAMBA\Bad User's password:
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
print$ Disk Printer Drivers
yaoxiaorong Disk yaoxiaorong
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.7.1)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
'将samba服务器的共享资源yaoxiaorong挂载到客户机本地'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# mkdir /opt/smb
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.228.20/yaoxiaorong /opt/smb -o username='Bad User'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos_yaoxiaorong-root 17G 1.7G 16G 10% /
devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 125M 890M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
//192.168.228.20/yaoxiaorong 5.0G 1.6G 3.5G 32% /opt/smb
在客户机上进入共享目录创建文件或目录验证一下，并在服务器上查看客户机创建的文件
'客户机'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /opt/smb/
[root@yaoxiaorong smb]# touch yxr
[root@yaoxiaorong smb]# mkdir xxx
'服务器'
[root@yaoxiaorong ~]# cd /opt/yaoxiaorong/
[root@yaoxiaorong yaoxiaorong]# ls
xxx yxr
