目录
- 一、什么是单例模式
- 二、为什么用单例模式
- 三、单例模式(类内部定义静态方法)
- 四、单例模式(装饰器)
- 五、单例模式(元类)
- 单例模式:基于某种方法实例化多次得到实例是同一个
- 当实例化多次得到的对象中存放的属性都一样的情况,应该将多个对象指向同一个内存,即同一个实例
# settings.py IP = '1.1.1.1' PORT = 3306 class Mysql: __instacne = None def __init__(self, ip, port): self.ip = ip self.port = port @classmethod def from_conf(cls): if cls.__instacne is None: cls.__instacne = cls(IP, PORT) return cls.__instacne obj1 = Mysql.from_conf() obj2 = Mysql.from_conf() obj3 = Mysql.from_conf()
print(obj1 is obj2 is obj3)
True
print(obj1.__dict__) print(obj2.__dict__) print(obj3.__dict__)
{'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306} {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306} {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306}
obj4 = Mysql('10.10.10.11', 3307) print(obj4.__dict__)
{'ip': '10.10.10.11', 'port': 3307}四、单例模式(装饰器)
# settings.py IP = '1.1.1.1' PORT = 3306 def singleton(cls): cls.__instance = cls(IP, PORT) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): if len(args) == 0 and len(kwargs) == 0: return cls.__instance return cls(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper @singleton # Mysql = singleton(Mysql) # Mysql = wrapper class Mysql: def __init__(self, ip, port): self.ip = ip self.port = port obj1 = Mysql() # wrapper() obj2 = Mysql() # wrapper() obj3 = Mysql() # wrapper()
print(obj1 is obj2 is obj3)
True
print(obj1.__dict__) print(obj2.__dict__) print(obj3.__dict__)
{'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306} {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306} {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306}
obj4 = Mysql('1.1.1.4', 3308) print(obj4.__dict__)
{'ip': '1.1.1.4', 'port': 3308}五、单例模式(元类)
# settings.py IP = '1.1.1.1' PORT = 3306 class Mymeta(type): def __init__(self, class_name, class_bases, class_dic): # self = Mysql super(Mymeta, self).__init__(class_name, class_bases, class_dic) # 完成Mysql对象的初始化 self.__instance = self.__new__(self) # 造出一个Mysql的对象 self.__init__(self.__instance, IP, PORT) # 从配置文件中加载配置完成Mysql对象的初始化 print(self.__instance) print(self.__instance.__dict__) def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): # self = Mysql if len(args) == 0 and len(kwargs) == 0: return self.__instance obj = self.__new__(self) self.__init__(obj, *args, **kwargs) return obj class Mysql(object, metaclass=Mymeta): # Mysql = Mymeta(...) def __init__(self, ip, port): self.ip = ip self.port = port obj1 = Mysql() obj2 = Mysql() obj3 = Mysql()
<__main__.Mysql object at 0x10c7f1f98> {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306}
print(obj1 is obj2 is obj3)
True
print(obj1.__dict__) print(obj2.__dict__) print(obj3.__dict__)
{'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306} {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306} {'ip': '1.1.1.1', 'port': 3306}
obj4 = Mysql('10.10.10.11', 3308) print(obj4.__dict__)
{'ip': '10.10.10.11', 'port': 3308}
print(Mysql.__dict__)
{'__module__': '__main__', '__init__': <function Mysql.__init__ at 0x10c6b1d90>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Mysql' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Mysql' objects>, '__doc__': None, '_Mymeta__instance': <__main__.Mysql object at 0x10c7f1f98>}