Linux工具篇 | Ubuntu搭建Docker容器引擎

一、设置Docker仓库

（1）更新 apt 包索引：

$ sudo apt-get update

（2）安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库：

$ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

（3）添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥：

$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

（4）9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88 通过搜索指纹的后8个字符，验证现在是否拥有带有指纹的密钥：

$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
pub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [SCEA]
      9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid           [ unknown] Docker Release (CE deb) <[e-mail]>
sub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [S]

（5）使用以下指令设置稳定版仓库：

$ sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/ \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"

---

二、安装Docker Engine-Community

（1）更新 apt 包索引：

$ sudo apt-get update

（2）安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd：

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

（3）测试 Docker 是否安装成功，输入以下指令，打印出以下信息则安装成功：

$ sudo docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

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三、使用中科大镜像加速器

（1）添加镜像源：

$ sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

输入以下内容：

{
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]
}

（2）重启docker服务：

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

---

四、把Docker配置为普通用户访问

（1）添加docker用户组：

$ sudo groupadd docker

 （2）将登陆用户加入到docker用户组中：

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

（3）更新用户组（这一步非常重要）：

$ newgrp docker

（4）重启docker服务：

$ sudo systemctl enable docker
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

（5）直接普通用户运行hello-world：

$ docker run hello-world