一、执行以下命令安装pip3

$ sudo apt install python3-pip

二、升级pip3

$ pip3 install --upgrade pip

注意:不升级 pip3 直接安装 Python 包会报错!升级过程中网速很慢,可能会发生超时错误,重新执行上面命令即可,直到升级完毕。另外,强烈建议先更换国内镜像,再升级


三、更换国内镜像

$ mkdir ~/.pip
$ vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

此处使用清华大学镜像源:

[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

四、使用pip3安装Python包

以安装 pandas 为例:

$ sudo pip3 install pandas

如果出现以下警告:

WARNING: The directory '/home/book/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned or is 
not writable by the current user. The cache has been disabled. Check the permissions and
owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

执行以下命令:

$ sudo chown -R root /home/book/.cache/pip

也可以不使用 sudo 操作,直接执行:

$ pip3 install pandas