动态SQL

1.简介

动态sql是mybatis的一大强大功能,能帮助我们解决sql拼接的困难,动态 SQL 元素和 JSTL 或基于类似 XML 的文本处理器相似。

2.if

动态 SQL 通常要做的事情是根据条件拼接sql,下边如果title和author都不为空的话,拼接的sql语句就会是
​​​SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’ AND title like #{title} AND author_name like {author.name}​​​ 如果都不符合条件,则会变成:​​SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’​

<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’
<if test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null and author.name != null">
AND author_name like #{author.name}
</if>
</select>

接着来
如果我把state也放在判断里边

<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG
WHERE
<if test="state != null">
state = #{state}
</if>
<if test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null and author.name != null">
AND author_name like #{author.name}
</if>
</select>

仔细一想,如果没有一个符合条件,拼接的sql就会是

SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE

如果仅仅第二个条件匹配又会怎样?这条 SQL 最终会是这样:

SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE  AND title like

这显然都是错误的sql语句,应该怎么解决呢?
MyBatis 有一个简单的处理,就是where标签

<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG
<where>
<if test="state != null">
state = #{state}
</if>
<if test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null and author.name != null">
AND author_name like #{author.name}
</if>
</where>
</select>

where标签只会在至少一个条件符合的情况下,才会插入’ where ',并且语句的开头为“AND”或“OR” ,还可以去除这多余的and和or
接着
如果我们有时候这样写呢

<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG
<where>
<if test="state != null">
state = #{state} AND
</if>
<if test="title != null">
title like #{title} AND
</if>
<if test="author != null and author.name != null">
author_name like #{author.name}
</if>
</where>
</select>

这样 where 标签就没作用了,这时候需要用到 trim 标签,where 标签只能解决前面多出的and 或者 or ,trim标签可以解决后面多出的and 或者 or
trim标签中有几个属性,
prefix :为 trim 标签体内拼接完的sql加一个前缀。
prefixoverride:前缀覆盖,覆盖trim标签体内拼接完成的sql前的字符
suffix:为 trim 标签体内拼接完的sql加一个后缀。
suffixoverride:后缀覆盖,覆盖trim标签体内拼接完成的sql后的字符

<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG
<trim prefix = “where” suffixoverride=“AND”>
<if test="state != null">
state = #{state} AND
</if>
<if test="title != null">
title like #{title} AND
</if>
<if test="author != null and author.name != null">
author_name like #{author.name}
</if>
</trim>
</select>

3.choose, when, otherwise

上面是根据条件拼接,这个就是类似switch-case语句,根据条件选择sql,然后在拼接,只会拼接符合条件的那一个

<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’
<choose>
<when test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</when>
<when test="author != null and author.name != null">
AND author_name like #{author.name}
</when>
<otherwise>
AND featured = 1
</otherwise>
</choose>
</select>

4.set

set 语句可以用作动态更新,动态包含需要更新的列,而舍去其它的

<update id="updateAuthorIfNecessary">
update Author
<set>
<if test="username != null">username=#{username},</if>
<if test="password != null">password=#{password},</if>
<if test="email != null">email=#{email},</if>
<if test="bio != null">bio=#{bio}</if>
</set>
where id=#{id}
</update>

5.foreach

动态 SQL 的另外一个常用的操作需求是对一个集合进行遍历,通常是在构建 IN 条件语句的时候。多用于批量操作

<select id="selectPostIn" resultType="domain.blog.Post">
SELECT *
FROM POST P
WHERE ID in
<foreach item="item" index="index" collection="list"
open="(" separator="," close=")">
#{item}
</foreach>
</select>

6.blind

bind 元素可以从 OGNL 表达式中创建一个变量并将其绑定到上下文。比如:

<select id="selectBlogsLike" resultType="Blog">
<bind name="pattern" value="'%' + _parameter.getTitle() + '%'" />
SELECT * FROM BLOG
WHERE title LIKE #{pattern}
</select>