Python生成随机验证码,需要使用PIL模块.
安装:
pip3 install pillow
基本使用
def check_code(request):
#Django imag标签src属性导入图片的原理
f=open('static/imgs/1.jpg','rb') #注意:static/imgs/1.jpg不能写成 /static/imgs/1.jpg
data=f.read()
f.close()
return HttpResponse(data)
写入本地并读取到内存中
def check_code(request):
#创建code.png写入到本地目录下
from PIL import Image
img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) #默认写入白板,随后在白板上写入字符串等
f=open('code.png','wb')
img.save(f,'png') #png为图片后缀
f.close()
#将本地图片code.png读取到内存并使网页图片能显示出来
f=open('code.png','rb')
data=f.read()
f.close()
return HttpResponse(data)
以上操作比较麻烦,需要写入本地又读取到内存中
优化:直接在内存中开辟空间,在内存中进行读写等操作
def check_code(request):
from io import BytesIO
#写入内存中
f=BytesIO()
img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255))
img.save(f,'png')
#从内存中读出来
data=f.getvalue()
return HttpResponse(data)
1. 创建图片
from PIL import Image
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
# 在图片查看器中打开
# img.show()
# 保存在本地
with open('code.png','wb') as f:
img.save(f,format='png')
2. 创建画笔,用于在图片上画任意内容
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3. 画点
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示坐标
# 第二个参数:表示颜色
draw.point([100, 100], fill="red")
draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))
4. 画线
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标
# 第二个参数:表示颜色
draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red')
draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))
5. 画圆
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标(圆要画在其中间)
# 第二个参数:表示开始角度
# 第三个参数:表示结束角度
# 第四个参数:表示颜色
draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")
6. 写文本
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示起始坐标
# 第二个参数:表示写入内容
# 第三个参数:表示颜色
draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")
7. 特殊字体文字
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示字体文件路径
# 第二个参数:表示字体大小
font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# 第一个参数:表示起始坐标
# 第二个参数:表示写入内容
# 第三个参数:表示颜色
# 第四个参数:表示颜色
draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)
图片验证码
import random
def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
code = []
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
def rndChar():
"""
生成随机字母
:return:
"""
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
def rndColor():
"""
生成随机颜色
:return:
"""
return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 写文字
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
for i in range(char_length):
char = rndChar()
code.append(char)
h = random.randint(0, 4)
draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰点
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰圆圈
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
x = random.randint(0, width)
y = random.randint(0, height)
draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
# 画干扰线
for i in range(5):
x1 = random.randint(0, width)
y1 = random.randint(0, height)
x2 = random.randint(0, width)
y2 = random.randint(0, height)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
return img,''.join(code)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. 直接打开
# img,code = check_code()
# img.show()
# 2. 写入文件
# img,code = check_code()
# with open('code.png','wb') as f:
# img.save(f,format='png')
# 3. 写入内存(Python3)
# from io import BytesIO
# stream = BytesIO()
# img.save(stream, 'png')
# stream.getvalue()
# 4. 写入内存(Python2)
# import StringIO
# stream = StringIO.StringIO()
# img.save(stream, 'png')
# stream.getvalue()
总结:当作模板使用
方法一:
#登录页面
def login(request):
if request.method=='POST':
input_username=request.POST.get('user')
input_pwd=request.POST.get('pwd')
input_code=request.POST.get('code')
session_code=request.session.get('code')
print(input_code,session_code)
if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=input_username,password=input_pwd).first():
if input_code.upper() == session_code.upper():
return render(request,'information.html')
return render(request,'login.html')
#生成随机验证码
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont
def check_code(request):
# #Django imag标签src属性导入图片的原理
# f=open('static/imgs/1.jpg','rb') #注意:static/imgs/1.jpg不能写成 /static/imgs/1.jpg
# data=f.read()
# f.close()
# return HttpResponse(data)
#创建code.png写入到本地BBS目录下
# from PIL import Image
# img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) #默认写入白板,随后在白板上写入字符串等
# f=open('code.png','wb')
# img.save(f,'png') #png为图片后缀
# f.close()
# #将本地图片code.png读取到内存并使网页图片能显示出来
# f=open('code.png','rb')
# data=f.read()
# f.close()
# return HttpResponse(data)
#以上操作比较麻烦,需要写入本地又读取到内存中
#以下操作为在内存中开辟空间,在内存中进行读写等操作
# from io import BytesIO
# #写入内存中
# f=BytesIO()
# img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255))
# img.save(f,'png')
# #从内存中读出来
# data=f.getvalue()
# return HttpResponse(data)
# from io import BytesIO
# from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont
f=BytesIO()
img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255))
draw=ImageDraw.Draw(img,mode='RGB')
# draw.point([100, 25], fill="red")
# draw.point([30, 20], fill=(187, 255, 255))
# draw.line((10, 10, 20, 30), fill='red')
# draw.line((100, 10, 30, 20), fill=(180, 255, 255))
# draw.arc((30, 25, 80, 10), 0, 360, fill="red")
# font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red",font=font)
import random
# char_list=[]
# for i in range(5):
# char=chr(random.randint(65,109))
# char_list.append(char)
# ''.join(char_list)
# #列表生成式,但是字母随机了,字体颜色不随机,所以不用列表生成式
# v=''.join([ chr(random.randint(65,109)) for i in range(5)])
# for i in range(5):
# char=chr(random.randint(65,109))
# font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
#写入的字符串需要自己知道内容,方便表单的校验
# char_list = []
# for i in range(5):
# char=chr(random.randint(65,109))
# char_list.append(char)
# font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
# code=''.join(char_list)
#但又面临的问题是POST请求时提交数据,获取不到,所以需要写入session里,并进入login函数中增加POST请求
# char_list = []
# for i in range(5):
# char = chr(random.randint(65, 109))
# char_list.append(char)
# font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([i * 24, 0], char, (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)),
# font=font)
# img.save(f,'png')
# data=f.getvalue()
# code = ''.join(char_list)
# request.session['code'] = code
# return HttpResponse(data)
#以上验证码代码太长,将内容封装到BBS目录下utils目录中
from utils.random_check_code import random_check_code
img,code=random_check_code()
stream=BytesIO()
img.save(stream,'png')
request.session['code']=code
return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^login/', views.login),
url(r'^check_code/', views.check_code),
]
urls
import random
from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont,Image,ImageFilter
def random_check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
code = []
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
def rndChar():
"""
生成随机字母
:return:
"""
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
def rndColor():
"""
生成随机颜色
:return:
"""
return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 写文字
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
for i in range(char_length):
char = rndChar()
code.append(char)
h = random.randint(0, 4)
draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰点
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰圆圈
for i in range(40):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
x = random.randint(0, width)
y = random.randint(0, height)
draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
# 画干扰线
for i in range(5):
x1 = random.randint(0, width)
y1 = random.randint(0, height)
x2 = random.randint(0, width)
y2 = random.randint(0, height)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #加滤镜,可以增加颜色的不同
return img, ''.join(code)
utils/random_check_code.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>$Title$</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
<style>
.login{
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
margin-top: 150px;
margin-left: 350px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="login">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<input name="user" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
<div class="col-sm-4">
<input type="password" name="pwd" class="form-control" placeholder="密码">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<input class="form-control" placeholder="验证码" name="code">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<img src="/check_code/" alt="" style="width: 120px;height: 30px">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
login.html
方法二:
使用Form表单:
#生成随机验证码
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont
def check_code(request):
# #Django imag标签src属性导入图片的原理
# f=open('static/imgs/1.jpg','rb') #注意:static/imgs/1.jpg不能写成 /static/imgs/1.jpg
# data=f.read()
# f.close()
# return HttpResponse(data)
#创建code.png写入到本地BBS目录下
# from PIL import Image
# img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255)) #默认写入白板,随后在白板上写入字符串等
# f=open('code.png','wb')
# img.save(f,'png') #png为图片后缀
# f.close()
# #将本地图片code.png读取到内存并使网页图片能显示出来
# f=open('code.png','rb')
# data=f.read()
# f.close()
# return HttpResponse(data)
#以上操作比较麻烦,需要写入本地又读取到内存中
#以下操作为在内存中开辟空间,在内存中进行读写等操作
# from io import BytesIO
# #写入内存中
# f=BytesIO()
# img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255))
# img.save(f,'png')
# #从内存中读出来
# data=f.getvalue()
# return HttpResponse(data)
# from io import BytesIO
# from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont
f=BytesIO()
img=Image.new(mode='RGB',size=(120,30),color=(255,255,255))
draw=ImageDraw.Draw(img,mode='RGB')
# draw.point([100, 25], fill="red")
# draw.point([30, 20], fill=(187, 255, 255))
# draw.line((10, 10, 20, 30), fill='red')
# draw.line((100, 10, 30, 20), fill=(180, 255, 255))
# draw.arc((30, 25, 80, 10), 0, 360, fill="red")
# font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red",font=font)
import random
# char_list=[]
# for i in range(5):
# char=chr(random.randint(65,109))
# char_list.append(char)
# ''.join(char_list)
# #列表生成式,但是字母随机了,字体颜色不随机,所以不用列表生成式
# v=''.join([ chr(random.randint(65,109)) for i in range(5)])
# for i in range(5):
# char=chr(random.randint(65,109))
# font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
#写入的字符串需要自己知道内容,方便表单的校验
# char_list = []
# for i in range(5):
# char=chr(random.randint(65,109))
# char_list.append(char)
# font=ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([i*24,0],char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
# code=''.join(char_list)
#但又面临的问题是POST请求时提交数据,获取不到,所以需要写入session里,并进入login函数中增加POST请求
# char_list = []
# for i in range(5):
# char = chr(random.randint(65, 109))
# char_list.append(char)
# font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
# draw.text([i * 24, 0], char, (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)),
# font=font)
# img.save(f,'png')
# data=f.getvalue()
# code = ''.join(char_list)
# request.session['code'] = code
# return HttpResponse(data)
#以上验证码代码太长,将内容封装到BBS目录下utils目录中
from utils.random_check_code import random_check_code
img,code=random_check_code()
stream=BytesIO()
img.save(stream,'png')
request.session['code']=code
return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
#登录页面,使用Form表单
#生成Form表单
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
class LoginForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':"form-control",'placeholder':'用户名'}),
label="用户名",
required=True,
max_length=8,
min_length=2,
error_messages={
'required':'用户名不能为空',
'min_length':'用户名不得少于2个字符',
'max_length':'用户名不得多于8个'
}
)
pwd = fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':"form-control",'placeholder':'密码','type':'password'}),
label="密码",
required=True,
max_length=10,
min_length=2,
error_messages={
'required': '密码不能为空',
'min_length': '密码不得少于2个字符',
'max_length': '密码不得多于10个'
}
)
code=fields.CharField(
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':"form-control",'placeholder':'验证码'}),
label="验证码",
required=True,
error_messages={
'required':'验证码不能为空'
}
)
def login_form(request):
if request.method=='GET':
obj = LoginForm()
return render(request, 'login_form.html', {'obj': obj})
else:
obj=LoginForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
input_user=obj.cleaned_data['user']
input_pwd=obj.cleaned_data['pwd']
input_code =obj.cleaned_data['code']
session_code=request.session.get('code')
if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=input_user,password=input_pwd).first():
if input_code.upper()==session_code.upper():
return render(request,'information.html')
else:
return render(request, 'login_form.html', {'obj': obj, 'msg': '验证码错误'})
return render(request, 'login_form.html',{'obj':obj,'msg':'用户名或密码错误'})
else:
v=obj.errors
print(v)
return render(request,'login_form.html',{'obj':obj})
views
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>$Title$</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css">
<style>
.login{
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
margin-top: 150px;
margin-left: 350px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="login">
<form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">{{ obj.user.label }}</label>
<div class="col-sm-4">
{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
<div class="col-sm-4">
{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label>
<div class="col-sm-2">
{{ obj.code }}{{ obj.errors.code.0 }}{{ msg }}
</div>
<div class="col-sm-2">
<img src="/check_code/" alt="" style="width: 120px;height: 30px">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
login_form
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^check_code/', views.check_code),
url(r'^login_form/', views.login_form),
]
urls
import random
from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont,Image,ImageFilter
def random_check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
code = []
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
def rndChar():
"""
生成随机字母
:return:
"""
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
def rndColor():
"""
生成随机颜色
:return:
"""
return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 写文字
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
for i in range(char_length):
char = rndChar()
code.append(char)
h = random.randint(0, 4)
draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰点
for i in range(10):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
# 写干扰圆圈
for i in range(10):
draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
x = random.randint(0, width)
y = random.randint(0, height)
draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
# 画干扰线
for i in range(2):
x1 = random.randint(0, width)
y1 = random.randint(0, height)
x2 = random.randint(0, width)
y2 = random.randint(0, height)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #加滤镜,可以增加颜色的不同
return img, ''.join(code)
utils/random_check_code.py