在了解自定义标签原理前，先看下如何使用自定义标签：
NamespaceHandlerSupport、AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser、spring.handlers和spring.schemas这四个东东。怎么通过NamespaceHandlerSupport.init()、AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser.doParse、spring.handlers和spring.schemas来实现的呢？spring对标签的解析流程如下：
Step 1： 将 xml 文件解析成 Dom 树。将 xml 文件解析成 dom 树的时候，需要 xml 标签定义 schema 来验证文件的语法结构。 Spring 约定将所有的 shema 的虚拟路径和真实文件路径映射定义在 classpath 的在 META-INF/spring.schemas 下面。在容器启动时 Spring 会扫描所有的 META-INF/spring.schemas 并将映射维护到一个 map 里。
Step 2： 将 dom 树解析成 BeanDifinition ，将定义 bean 的标签和 xml 定义解析成 BeanDefinition 的过程。如果是默认的 bean 标签， spring 会直接进行解析。而如果不是默认的 bean 标签，包括自定义和 spring 扩展的 <aop> 、 <p> 、 <util> 等标签，则需要提供专门的 xmlparser 来处理。 parser由自己定义和编写，并通过handler注册到容器。Spring 约定了 META-INF/spring.handlers 文件，在这里面定义了标签命名空间和handler 的映射。容器起来的时候会加载 handler ， handler 会向容器注册该命名空间下的标签和解析器。在解析的自定义标签的时候， spring 会根据标签的命名空间和标签名找到一个解析器。由该解析器来完成对该标签内容的解析，并返回一个 BeanDefinition 。
以下是源码的实现：
1、 加载 spring.shemas: 在PluggableSchemaResolver.Java里实现，解析namespace后放入map中
public class PluggableSchemaResolver implements EntityResolver {
/***定义schema location的映射文件路径***/public static final String DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.schemas";
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(PluggableSchemaResolver.class);
private final ClassLoader classLoader;
private final String schemaMappingsLocation;
/** 存储schema*/
private volatile Map<String, String> schemaMappings;
public PluggableSchemaResolver(ClassLoader classLoader) {
this.classLoader = classLoader;
this.schemaMappingsLocation = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION;
}
public PluggableSchemaResolver(ClassLoader classLoader, String schemaMappingsLocation) {
Assert.hasText(schemaMappingsLocation, "'schemaMappingsLocation' must not be empty");
this.classLoader = classLoader;
this.schemaMappingsLocation = schemaMappingsLocation;
}
@Override
public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId) throws IOException {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Trying to resolve XML entity with public id [" + publicId +
"] and system id [" + systemId + "]");
}
if (systemId != null) {
String resourceLocation = getSchemaMappings().get(systemId);
if (resourceLocation != null) {
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource(resourceLocation, this.classLoader);
try {
InputSource source = new InputSource(resource.getInputStream());
source.setPublicId(publicId);
source.setSystemId(systemId);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Found XML schema [" + systemId + "] in classpath: " + resourceLocation);
}
return source;
}
catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Couldn't find XML schema [" + systemId + "]: " + resource, ex);
}
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**完成schema的解析存储*/
private Map<String, String> getSchemaMappings() {
if (this.schemaMappings == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (this.schemaMappings == null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loading schema mappings from [" + this.schemaMappingsLocation + "]");
}
try {
Properties mappings =
PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties(this.schemaMappingsLocation, this.classLoader);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loaded schema mappings: " + mappings);
}
Map<String, String> schemaMappings = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>(mappings.size());
CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(mappings, schemaMappings);
this.schemaMappings = schemaMappings;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Unable to load schema mappings from location [" + this.schemaMappingsLocation + "]", ex);
}
}
}
}
return this.schemaMappings;
}
}
2、是否选择默认handler:通过delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)来判断是否是默认的namespaceuri，默认是http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
public class DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader implements BeanDefinitionDocumentReader {protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nl.item(i);
if (node instanceof Element) {
Element ele = (Element) node;
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) { //解析默认命名空间，通过判断namespace 是否等于http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans来判断
parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
}
else { //解析自定义命名空间
delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
}
}
}
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
}
}}
3、选择自定义handler：调用自定义handler的init方法
public BeanDefinition parseCustomElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBd) {
String namespaceUri = getNamespaceURI(ele);
/**通过namespace中选择NamespaceHandler*/
NamespaceHandler handler = this.readerContext.getNamespaceHandlerResolver().resolve(namespaceUri);
if (handler == null) {
error("Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]", ele);
return null;
}
return handler.parse(ele, new ParserContext(this.readerContext, this, containingBd));
}
public class DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver implements NamespaceHandlerResolver {public NamespaceHandler resolve(String namespaceUri) { Map<String, Object> handlerMappings = getHandlerMappings();
Object handlerOrClassName = handlerMappings.get(namespaceUri);
if (handlerOrClassName == null) {
return null;
}else if (handlerOrClassName instanceof NamespaceHandler) {
return (NamespaceHandler) handlerOrClassName;
}else {
String className = (String) handlerOrClassName;
try {
Class<?> handlerClass = ClassUtils.forName(className, this.classLoader);
if (!NamespaceHandler.class.isAssignableFrom(handlerClass)) {
throw new FatalBeanException("Class [" + className + "] for namespace [" + namespaceUri +
"] does not implement the [" + NamespaceHandler.class.getName() + "] interface");
}
NamespaceHandler namespaceHandler = (NamespaceHandler) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(handlerClass); //调用自定义handler的init方法
namespaceHandler.init();
handlerMappings.put(namespaceUri, namespaceHandler);
return namespaceHandler;
}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new FatalBeanException("NamespaceHandler class [" + className + "] for namespace [" +
namespaceUri + "] not found", ex);
}catch (LinkageError err) {
throw new FatalBeanException("Invalid NamespaceHandler class [" + className + "] for namespace [" +
namespaceUri + "]: problem with handler class file or dependent class", err);
}
}}
4、调用自定义parser
public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinitionParser implements BeanDefinitionParser {
@Override
public final BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {//解析过程
AbstractBeanDefinition definition = parseInternal(element, parserContext);
if (definition != null && !parserContext.isNested()) {
try {
String id = resolveId(element, definition, parserContext);
if (!StringUtils.hasText(id)) {
parserContext.getReaderContext().error(
"Id is required for element '" + parserContext.getDelegate().getLocalName(element)
+ "' when used as a top-level tag", element);
}
String[] aliases = null;
if (shouldParseNameAsAliases()) {
String name = element.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(name)) {
aliases = StringUtils.trimArrayElements(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(name));
}
}
//进行bean注册
BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(definition, id, aliases);
registerBeanDefinition(holder, parserContext.getRegistry());
if (shouldFireEvents()) {
BeanComponentDefinition componentDefinition = new BeanComponentDefinition(holder);
postProcessComponentDefinition(componentDefinition);
parserContext.registerComponent(componentDefinition);
}
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
parserContext.getReaderContext().error(ex.getMessage(), element);
return null;
}
}
return definition;
} }
public abstract class AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractBeanDefinitionParser {@Override
protected final AbstractBeanDefinition parseInternal(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.genericBeanDefinition();
String parentName = getParentName(element);
if (parentName != null) {
builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setParentName(parentName);
}
Class<?> beanClass = getBeanClass(element);
if (beanClass != null) {
builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setBeanClass(beanClass);
}
else {
String beanClassName = getBeanClassName(element);
if (beanClassName != null) {
builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setBeanClassName(beanClassName);
}
}
builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setSource(parserContext.extractSource(element));
if (parserContext.isNested()) {
// Inner bean definition must receive same scope as containing bean.
builder.setScope(parserContext.getContainingBeanDefinition().getScope());
}
if (parserContext.isDefaultLazyInit()) {
// Default-lazy-init applies to custom bean definitions as well.
builder.setLazyInit(true);
}//调用自定义parser的doparse方法进行解析标签
doParse(element, parserContext, builder);
return builder.getBeanDefinition();
} }
5、bean注册
请看4中注释
ok，通过以上就可以清楚知道spring底层是如何运行的，从xml解析到调用NamespaceHandlerSupport中init方法，紧接着调用AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser中的doParse方法进行解析，到最后如何注册成bean
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