一,什么是URDF
二,各种标签
1,link
2,joint
3,robot
三,创建一个机器人建模功能包
1,在工作空间src目录下打开终端,输入:
catkin_create_pkg mbot_description urdf xacro
2,目录结构
创建相对应的文件夹
3,写配置文件
在config 下书写rviz配置文件
mbot_urdf.rviz
Panels:
- Class: rviz/Displays
Help Height: 78
Name: Displays
Property Tree Widget:
Expanded:
- /Global Options1
- /Status1
- /TF1
Splitter Ratio: 0.5
Tree Height: 541
- Class: rviz/Selection
Name: Selection
- Class: rviz/Tool Properties
Expanded:
- /2D Pose Estimate1
- /2D Nav Goal1
- /Publish Point1
Name: Tool Properties
Splitter Ratio: 0.588679016
- Class: rviz/Views
Expanded:
- /Current View1
Name: Views
Splitter Ratio: 0.5
- Class: rviz/Time
Experimental: false
Name: Time
SyncMode: 0
SyncSource: ""
Visualization Manager:
Class: ""
Displays:
- Alpha: 0.5
Cell Size: 1
Class: rviz/Grid
Color: 160; 160; 164
Enabled: true
Line Style:
Line Width: 0.0299999993
Value: Lines
Name: Grid
Normal Cell Count: 0
Offset:
X: 0
Y: 0
Z: 0
Plane: XY
Plane Cell Count: 10
Reference Frame: <Fixed Frame>
Value: true
- Alpha: 1
Class: rviz/RobotModel
Collision Enabled: false
Enabled: true
Links:
All Links Enabled: true
Expand Joint Details: false
Expand Link Details: false
Expand Tree: false
Link Tree Style: Links in Alphabetic Order
back_caster_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
base_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
camera_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
front_caster_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
left_wheel_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
right_wheel_link:
Alpha: 1
Show Axes: false
Show Trail: false
Value: true
Name: RobotModel
Robot Description: robot_description
TF Prefix: ""
Update Interval: 0
Value: true
Visual Enabled: true
- Class: rviz/TF
Enabled: true
Frame Timeout: 15
Frames:
All Enabled: true
back_caster_link:
Value: true
base_link:
Value: true
camera_link:
Value: true
front_caster_link:
Value: true
left_wheel_link:
Value: true
right_wheel_link:
Value: true
Marker Scale: 0.200000003
Name: TF
Show Arrows: true
Show Axes: true
Show Names: true
Tree:
base_link:
back_caster_link:
{}
camera_link:
{}
front_caster_link:
{}
left_wheel_link:
{}
right_wheel_link:
{}
Update Interval: 0
Value: true
Enabled: true
Global Options:
Background Color: 48; 48; 48
Default Light: true
Fixed Frame: base_link
Frame Rate: 30
Name: root
Tools:
- Class: rviz/Interact
Hide Inactive Objects: true
- Class: rviz/MoveCamera
- Class: rviz/Select
- Class: rviz/FocusCamera
- Class: rviz/Measure
- Class: rviz/SetInitialPose
Topic: /initialpose
- Class: rviz/SetGoal
Topic: /move_base_simple/goal
- Class: rviz/PublishPoint
Single click: true
Topic: /clicked_point
Value: true
Views:
Current:
Class: rviz/Orbit
Distance: 0.791995764
Enable Stereo Rendering:
Stereo Eye Separation: 0.0599999987
Stereo Focal Distance: 1
Swap Stereo Eyes: false
Value: false
Focal Point:
X: -0.00707128178
Y: 0.000214380445
Z: 0.0199916083
Focal Shape Fixed Size: true
Focal Shape Size: 0.0500000007
Invert Z Axis: false
Name: Current View
Near Clip Distance: 0.00999999978
Pitch: 0.305397928
Target Frame: <Fixed Frame>
Value: Orbit (rviz)
Yaw: 0.725397766
Saved: ~
Window Geometry:
Displays:
collapsed: false
Height: 754
Hide Left Dock: false
Hide Right Dock: false
QMainWindow State: 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
Selection:
collapsed: false
Time:
collapsed: false
Tool Properties:
collapsed: false
Views:
collapsed: false
Width: 1191
X: 297
Y: 107
3.创建机器人模型URDF文件
创建椭圆底盘
在urdf文件夹下创建
mbot_base.urdf
这是一个圆柱体的URDF文件
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<robot name="mbot">
<!--link描述机器人某个刚体-->
<link name="base_link">
<!--visual描述刚体的外观-->
<visual>
<!--origin 组件中心点的信息 xyz坐标 rpy旋转角度-->
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<!--geometry定义几何学性质-->
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.16" radius="0.20"/>
</geometry>
<!--material定义材料性质-->
<material name="yellow">
<color rgba="1 0.4 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
</robot>
4,创建launch文件
在launch文件夹下创建:
display_mbot_base_urdf.launch
<launch>
<param name="robot_description" textfile="$(find mbot_description)/urdf/mbot_base.urdf" />
<!-- 设置GUI参数，显示关节控制插件 -->
<param name="use_gui" value="true"/>
<!-- 运行joint_state_publisher节点，发布机器人的关节状态 -->
<node name="joint_state_publisher" pkg="joint_state_publisher" type="joint_state_publisher" />
<!-- 运行robot_state_publisher节点，发布tf -->
<node name="robot_state_publisher" pkg="robot_state_publisher" type="state_publisher" />
<!-- 运行rviz可视化界面 -->
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find mbot_description)/config/mbot_urdf.rviz" required="true" />
</launch>
5,运行launch文件
roslaunch mbot_description display_mbot_base_urdf.launch
这样一个底盘就创建好了
6,创建完整小车
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<robot name="mbot">
<link name="base_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.16" radius="0.20"/>
</geometry>
<material name="yellow">
<color rgba="1 0.4 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="left_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="left_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="right_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 -0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="right_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="front_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="front_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="front_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="back_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="-0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="back_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="back_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
</robot>
