一丶TOMCAT
1.TOMCAT是什么
Tomcat 是由 Apache 开发的一个 Servlet 容器，实现了对 Servlet 和 JSP 的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、安全域管理和Tomcat阀等。
由于 Tomcat 本身也内含了一个 HTTP 服务器，它也可以被视作一个单独的 Web 服务器。但是，不能将 Tomcat 和 Apache HTTP 服务器混淆，Apache HTTP 服务器是一个用 C 语言实现的 HTTP Web 服务器；这两个 HTTP web server 不是捆绑在一起的。Tomcat 包含了一个配置管理工具，也可以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。
2.tomcat的配置文件构成：
server.xml：主配置文件；
web.xml：每个webapp只有“部署”后才能被访问，它的部署方式通常由web.xml进行定义，其存放位置为WEB-INF/目录中；此文件为所有的webapps提供默认部署相关的配置；
context.xml：每个webapp都可以专用的配置文件，它通常由专用的配置文件context.xml来定义，其存放位置为WEB-INF/目录中；此文件为所有的webapps提供默认配置；
tomcat-users.xml：用户认证的账号和密码文件；
catalina.policy：当使用-security选项启动tomcat时，用于为tomcat设置安全策略；
catalina.properties：Java属性的定义文件，用于设定类加载器路径，以及一些与JVM调优相关参数；
logging.properties：日志系统相关的配置；
3.Tomcat的核心组件：/etc/tomcat/server.xml
<Server>
<Service>
<connector/>
<connector/>
...
<Engine>
<Host>
<Context/>
<Context/>
...
</Host>
<Host>
...
</Host>
...
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
每一个组件都由一个Java“类”实现，这些组件大体可分为以下几个类型：
顶级组件：Server
服务类组件：Service
连接器组件：http, https, ajp（apache jserv protocol）
容器类：Engine, Host, Context
被嵌套类：valve, logger, realm, loader, manager, ...
集群类组件：listener, cluster, ...
4.设置基于网页的manager app管理器和host-manager管理器配置
vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="admin" roles="admin-gui，manager-gui"/> #设置账号与密码
二丶TOMCAT的实现
1.建立并测试虚拟主机站点
vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml #编辑tomcat配置文件
<Host name="node1.magedu.com" appBase="/data/webapps" #主机名和根目录
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="node1_access_log." suffix=".log"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" deny="172\.16\.100\.67"/> #黑名单
</Host>
mkdir -p /data/webapps/ROOT
vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp #编辑测试站点的内容JAVA语言
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA.magedu.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>测试 curl http://node1.magedu.com:8080 或者直接登录浏览器访问
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2.部署应用网站
vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
<Context path="/test" docBase="/webapps/test" reloadable="true" /> #编辑访问根目录
mkidr -pv /webapps/test0.1/{classes,lib,WEB-INF}
vim /webapps/test0.1/index.jsp #编辑测试站点的内容JAVA语言
<%@ page language="java" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Test Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("hello world");
%>
</body>
</html>systemcat restart tomcat #重启tomcat后登录访问
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3.nginx反代tomcat
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat.conf #编辑nginx配置文件
server {
listen 80; #监听端口
server_name node1.magedu.com; #主机名称
index index.jsp index.html; #支持的文件格式
location / { #普通文件类型访问点
root "/data/webapps/ROOT"; #必须到jsp目录下
}
location ~* \.*(jsp|do)$ { #jps等文件类型访问站点
proxy_pass http://node1.magedu.com:8080;
}
}
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4.http通过ajp调度器负载均衡tomcat
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ajp_tomcat.conf
<proxy balancer://tcsrvs> #配置负载均衡服务端
BalancerMember ajp://172.18.100.67:8009 #ajp端口8009
BalancerMember ajp://172.18.100.68:8009
ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests #负载均衡的一种
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName lb.magedu.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off #启用正向代理请求
ProxyPreserveHost On #反向代理转发所有主机
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / balancer://tcsrvs/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://tcsrvs/
<Location />
Require all granted
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
重新读取配制后访问
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5.http调度器负载均衡tomcat
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/http_tomcat.conf
<proxy balancer://tcsrvs>
BalancerMember http://172.18.100.67:8080 #http8080端口
BalancerMember http://172.18.100.68:8080
ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests #负载均衡的一种
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName lb.magedu.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / balancer://tcsrvs/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://tcsrvs/
<Location />
Require all granted
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
重新读取配置并访问
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会话粘性的实现方法：
后端两个tomcat添加：
1. <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node1.magedu.com" jvmRoute="TomcatA"> #设置标记jvm路由
2. <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="node1.magedu.com" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
前端http添加：
Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED #添加认证信息，如果匹配到便发往对应标记路由
<proxy balancer://tcsrvs>
BalancerMember http://172.18.100.67:8080 route=TomcatA loadfactor=1
BalancerMember http://172.18.100.68:8080 route=TomcatB loadfactor=2
ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName lb.magedu.com
ProxyVia On
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost On
<Proxy *>
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / balancer://tcsrvs/
ProxyPa***everse / balancer://tcsrvs/
<Location />
Require all granted
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
<Location /balancer-manager> #启用管理接口
SetHandler balancer-manager
ProxyPass !
Require all granted
</Location>
重新读取配置后访问
