Nginx 负载均衡轮训配置 nginx负载均衡策略配置 实例

1、轮询

轮询即Round Robin，根据Nginx配置文件中的顺序，依次把客户端的Web请求分发到不同的后端服务器。
配置的例子如下：

http{
 upstream sampleapp {
   server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
   server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; 
 }
 ....
 server{
   listen 80;
   ...
   location / {
    proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
   } 
 }

上面只有1个DNS入口被插入到upstream节，即sampleapp，同样也在后面的proxy_pass节重新提到。

2、最少连接

Web请求会被转发到连接数最少的服务器上。
配置的例子如下：

http{
  upstream sampleapp {
    least_conn;
    server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
    server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; 
  }
  ....
  server{
    listen 80;
    ...
    location / {
     proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
    } 
  }

上面的例子只是在upstream节添加了least_conn配置。其它的配置同轮询配置。

3、IP地址哈希

前述的两种负载均衡方案中，同一客户端连续的Web请求可能会被分发到不同的后端服务器进行处理，因此如果涉及到会话Session，那么会话会比较复杂。常见的是基于数据库的会话持久化。要克服上面的难题，可以使用基于IP地址哈希的负载均衡方案。这样的话，同一客户端连续的Web请求都会被分发到同一服务器进行处理。
配置的例子如下：

http{
  upstream sampleapp {
    ip_hash;
    server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
    server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>; 
  }
  ....
  server{
    listen 80;
    ...
    location / {
     proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
    } 
  }

上面的例子只是在upstream节添加了ip_hash配置。其它的配置同轮询配置。

4、基于权重的负载均衡

基于权重的负载均衡即Weighted Load Balancing，这种方式下，我们可以配置Nginx把请求更多地分发到高配置的后端服务器上，把相对较少的请求分发到低配服务器。
配置的例子如下：

http{
  upstream sampleapp {
    server <<dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>> weight=2; 
    server <<another dns entry or IP Address(optional with port)>>;
  }
  ....
  server{
    listen 80;
    ...
    location / {
     proxy_pass http://sampleapp;
    }
 }

上面的例子在服务器地址和端口后weight=2的配置，这意味着，每接收到3个请求，前2个请求会被分发到第一个服务器，第3个请求会分发到第二个服务器，其它的配置同轮询配置。

还要说明一点，基于权重的负载均衡和基于IP地址哈希的负载均衡可以组合在一起使用。

我的配置，基于最简单的轮训：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream testapp{
        server 192.168.20.50:8001;
        server 192.168.20.50:8002;    
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass http://testapp;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

说明：基于两台服务器8001和8002。这种方式真的是轮训，在服务器控制台输出轮流访问，并且不会访问出现故障的服务器。