Docker的常用命令


文章目录

  • Docker的常用命令
  • 帮助命令
  • 镜像命令
  • docker search 搜索镜像
  • docker pull 下载镜像
  • docker rmi 删除镜像
  • 容器的命令
  • 常用其他命令
  • 总结


docker的操作手册 docker 手册_nginx

帮助命令

#显示docker的版本信息

在docker version

#显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量

docker info

# 帮助命令

docker 命令 --help

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
<none>        <none>    6464f5e476fc   37 hours ago   381MB
<none>        <none>    f82b8575e06e   37 hours ago   231MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   9 months ago   13.3kB

#解释

命令

说明

REPOSITORY

镜像的仓库源

TAG

镜像的标签

IMAGE ID

镜像的id

CREATED

镜像的创建时间

SIZE

镜像的大小

#选项

选项

说明

-a， --all

列出所有镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   9 months ago   13.3kB

#选项

选项

说明

-q，–quiet

只显示镜像id

[root@docker ~]# docker images -q
6464f5e476fc
f82b8575e06e
feb5d9fea6a5
eeb6ee3f44bd
5d0da3dc9764

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                                             Official build of Nginx.                        17061     [OK]       
linuxserver/nginx                                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   169                  
bitnami/nginx                                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      133                  [OK]
ubuntu/nginx                                      Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we…   52                   
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller                  Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr…   18                   [OK]

#选项
选项，通过收藏来过滤

选项

说明

–filter=STARS=3000

所搜出来的镜像就是START大于3000的

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx     Official build of Nginx.   17061     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]

[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest    #如果不写tag，默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete   #分层下载，docker iamge的核心 联合文件系统 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31  #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest   #真实地址

docker pull nginx等价于 docker.io/library/nginx:latest

指定版本

docker pull mysql:5.7

[root@docker ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker的操作手册 docker 手册_容器_02

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 605c77e624dd（容器id） #删除指定的容器
docker rim 6464f5e476fc（容器id） f82b8575e06e（容器id）#删除多个容器

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) #删除全部的容器

docker的操作手册 docker 手册_运维_03

容器的命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux下载一个 centos 镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos

新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] images
#参数说明

选项

说明

-d

后台方式运行

–name=“Name”

容器名字 nginx1 nginx2，用来区分容器

-it

使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容

-p

指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080

-p ip：主机端口：容器端口

-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）

-p 容器端口

容器端口

-P

随机指定端口

#测试，启动并进入容器

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   9 months ago   231MB
root@docker ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@2452d7133536 /]# ls   #查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

#从容器中退回主机

[root@2452d7133536 /]# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                                           公共
dockerfile                                                密码.txt
example.c                                                 模板
initial-setup-ks.cfg                                      视频
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm                图片
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm    文档
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1  下载
mysql-community-common-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm            音乐
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm       桌面
mysql-community-server-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

列出所有正在运行的容器

#docker ps 命令

选项

说明

列出当前正在运行的容器

-a

列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器

-n=num

显示最近创建的容器

-q

只显示容器的编号

[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
2452d7133536   centos         "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             sad_neumann
573f2e16ec85   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"                 12 hours ago    Exited (0) 12 hours ago                   cranky_blackwell
80de298af53d   6464f5e476fc   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   tender_wozniak
b002e83a441a   6464f5e476fc   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   sharp_lamarr
d8153531ef13   6464f5e476fc   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   sleepy_wescoff
2afedc281078   6464f5e476fc   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   mystifying_bouman
a7dac2495d51   6464f5e476fc   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   eager_greider
4442b28886d9   f82b8575e06e   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   hungry_gauss
a1df0ab8ddce   f82b8575e06e   "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…"   38 hours ago    Exited (1) 38 hours ago                   lucid_curie

退出容器

直接容器停止并退出

exit

容器不停止退出

Ctrl + P + Q

删除容器

docker rm 容器id

#删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f

docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)  #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm
#删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start  容器di  #启动容器
docker restart  容器id   #重启容器
docker stop 容器id       #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id  #强制停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

命令:

docker run -d 镜像名

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d centos

#问题docker ps ，发现centos 停止了

#常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止 #nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail  容器，没有日志

#自己编写一段脚本

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while ture;do echo guanguan;sleep 1;done"
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     
13acd7fc0e24   centos

显示日志

选项

说明

-tf

显示日志

–tail number

要显示日志条数

docker logs -tf --tail 10 13acd7fc0e24

查看容器中的进程信息 ps

命令：

docker top 容器id

[root@docker ~]# docker top 73f07d7e6bef
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                30333               30311               0                   14:18               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像元数据
命令:

docker inspect 73f07d7e6bef

测试

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect 73f07d7e6bef
[
    {
        "Id": "73f07d7e6bef26b0737b5d4cda59d58144126a1d22ca6ee4b891846ec51deeec",
        "Created": "2022-07-08T06:18:47.258305Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 30333,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-07-08T06:18:47.980418448Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/73f07d7e6bef26b0737b5d4cda59d58144126a1d22ca6ee4b891846ec51deeec/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/73f07d7e6bef26b0737b5d4cda59d58144126a1d22ca6ee4b891846ec51deeec/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/73f07d7e6bef26b0737b5d4cda59d58144126a1d22ca6ee4b891846ec51deeec/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/73f07d7e6bef26b0737b5d4cda59d58144126a1d22ca6ee4b891846ec51deeec/73f07d7e6bef26b0737b5d4cda59d58144126a1d22ca6ee4b891846ec51deeec-json.log",
        "Name": "/sweet_burnell",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49b6da9937b4d65052d23494138b01e8c05a302cb7102aff2753a5e98e2436b4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ac5941947ecb873c661c04c597cfd83404749f3e442894af6ea10ae366768c1/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49b6da9937b4d65052d23494138b01e8c05a302cb7102aff2753a5e98e2436b4/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49b6da9937b4d65052d23494138b01e8c05a302cb7102aff2753a5e98e2436b4/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49b6da9937b4d65052d23494138b01e8c05a302cb7102aff2753a5e98e2436b4/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "73f07d7e6bef",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "65dd9f57692f637db9cd0f0eb9114e5df0b7560054fc952496c45ec21b04889a",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/65dd9f57692f",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "c9eb643dc861b63405040a6f1eff32e3ea727ce631f9ff30a5d1d4b979bfe221",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "64b4457bc3b623247e4d281f85c4c16eee75cfde3cca87416ca90c6ed4590cdb",
                    "EndpointID": "c9eb643dc861b63405040a6f1eff32e3ea727ce631f9ff30a5d1d4b979bfe221",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

命令:

docker exec -it 容器id bashshell

测试

[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
73f07d7e6bef   centos    "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes             sweet_burnell
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 73f07d7e6bef /bin/bash
[root@73f07d7e6bef /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@73f07d7e6bef /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 06:18 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         15      0  0 06:27 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         30     15  0 06:27 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

方式二

docker attach 容器id

测试

[root@docker ~]# docker attach 73f07d7e6bef

正在执行当前的代码…

docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

命令：

docker cp 容器id

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@8cabaded8052 /]# [root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
8cabaded8052   centos    "/bin/bash"   15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds             busy_curie

查看当前主机目录下

[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                                           公共
dockerfile                                                密码.txt
example.c                                                 模板
initial-setup-ks.cfg                                      视频
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm                图片
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm    文档
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1  下载
mysql-community-common-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm            音乐
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm       桌面
mysql-community-server-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

进入docker容器内部

[root@docker ~]# docker attach 8cabaded8052
[root@8cabaded8052 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

在容器内新建一个文件

[root@8cabaded8052 /]# touch test.c
[root@8cabaded8052 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  test.c  usr
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  tmp     var
[root@8cabaded8052 /]# exit
exit

将这个文件拷贝到主机上

[root@docker ~]# docker cp 8cabaded8052:/test.c  /root
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                                           test.c
dockerfile                                                公共
example.c                                                 密码.txt
initial-setup-ks.cfg                                      模板
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm                视频
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm    图片
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.1  文档
mysql-community-common-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm            下载
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm       音乐
mysql-community-server-8.0.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm            桌面

#拷贝是一个手动的过程，随着学习的深入，我们可以使用-volume卷的技术，实现自动拷贝

总结

本篇笔记是基于B站up主：遇见狂神说的笔记进行学习，感兴趣的可以去B站进行学习。