防火墙基础小实验(1)

实 验 任 务 实验需求: 配置路由器和ASA的接口,实现网络互通 配置路由 验证R1可以 Telnet到R2和R3,R3可以Telnet到R2但是不能Telnet R1,R2不能Telnet到R1和R3 使用命令show conn detail 查看Conn表 分别查看ASA和RR的路由表 配置ACL禁止在R3上Telnet 到R2 实验拓扑:

思 路 及 实 验 步 骤 第一步:配置ASA防火墙对应端口的IP并设置端口名与优先级 enable tedu.cn configuration terminal hostname ASA enable password 123 passwd 123 (远程密码) clear configure all interface gigabitEthernet 0 nameif inside (端口名内部) security-level 100 (优先级最高) no shutdown ip address 10.1.1.254 255.255.255.0 exit interface gigabitEthernet 1 nameif outside(端口名外部) security-level 0(优先级最低) no shutdown ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0 exit interface gigabitEthernet 2 nameif dmz(端口名隔离区) security-level 50(优先级比outside要高比inside的要低) no shutdown ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 exit

第二步:配置R1 R3 R2 各对应端口的IP地址关闭路由关闭 RR配置 对应端口的IP地址开启路由功能,并验证网络是否互通 R1: enable configuration terminal hostname R1 interface fastEthernet 0/0 no shutdown ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 exit no ip routing (关闭路由功能) ip default-gateway 10.1.1.254(设置网关) end ping 10.1.1.254 (验证到网关是否互通)

R3: enable configuration terminal hostname R3 interface fastEthernet 0/0 no shutdown ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 exit no ip routing (关闭路由功能) ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254(设置网关) end ping 192.168.1.254 (验证到网关是否互通)

RR: enable configuration terminal hostname RR ip routing (开启路由功能) interface fastEthernet 0/0 no shutdown ip address 4.4.4.254 255.255.255.0 exit interface fastEthernet 1/0 no shutdown ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 end ping 172.16.1.254 (验证到网关是否互通)

R2: enable configuration terminal hostname R2 interface fastEthernet 0/0 no shutdown ip address 4.4.4.1 255.255.255.0 exit no ip routing (关闭路由功能) ip default-gateway 4.4.4.254(设置网关) end ping 4.4.4.254 (验证到网关是否互通)

第三步: (1)因为ASA上没有4.4.4.0 的路由,因此要添加一个默认路由 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1 (按流量走向配置 指定端口为outside) (2)因为RR上没有R1的路由,因此要添加一个more路由 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254

第四步:在R1 R2 R3 配置远程功能及密码

R1: enable configuration terminal enable password 123 line vty 0 password 123 end

R2: enable configuration terminal enable password 123 line vty 0 password 123 end

R3: enable configuration terminal enable password 123 line vty 0 password 123 end

第五步:验证在R1上远程R2 R3 ,R3远程R1 R2 ,R2远程R1 R3 R1: telnet 4.4.4.1 Trying 4.4.4.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password: R2> exit

telnet 192.168.1.1 Trying 192.168.1.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password: R3> exit

R2: telnet 10.1.1.1 Connection timed out; remote host not responding(连接 超时;远程主机没有响应)【因为接口的安全级别高的可以访问低的 而低级别的不可以访问高级别的】 telnet 192.168.1.1 Connection timed out; remote host not responding(连接 超时;远程主机没有响应)

R3: telnet 4.4.4.1 Trying 4.4.4.1 ... Open

User Access Verification

Password: R2> exit

telnet 10.1.1.1 Connection timed out; remote host not responding(连接 超时;远程主机没有响应)

第五步:因为ASA防火墙在流量访问时先看conn表然后再看acl表然 后再看优先级 所以需要配置ACL禁止R3远程访问R2 在ASA上配置 enable configuration terminal access-list 333 deny tcp host 192.168.1.1 host 4.4.4.1
eq telnet (拒绝192.168.1.1远程访问4.4.4.1) access-group 333 in interface dmz(配置在对应的接口)

结 果 验 证 验证与测试 第一步: 在R3远程R2 R3: telnet 4.4.4.1 Connection refused by remote host(拒绝由远程主机连接)

第二步在R1远程R2时,在ASA查看conn表 show conn detail

1 in use, 1 most used Flags: A - awaiting inside ACK to SYN, a - awaiting
outside ACK to SYN, B - initial SYN from outside, b - TCP state- bypass or nailed, C - CTIQBE media, D - DNS, d - dump, E - outside back connection, F

  • outside FIN, f - inside FIN, G - group, g - MGCP, H - H.323, h - H.225.0, I -
    inbound data, i - incomplete, J - GTP, j - GTP data, K - GTP
    t3-response k - Skinny media, M - SMTP data, m - SIP media, n
  • GUP O - outbound data, P - inside back connection, p
  • Phone-proxy TFTP connection, q - SQL*Net data, R - outside acknowledged FIN, R - UDP SUNRPC, r - inside acknowledged FIN, S -
    awaiting inside SYN, s - awaiting outside SYN, T - SIP, t - SIP
    transient, U - up, V - ××× orphan, W - WAAS, X - inspected by service module TCP outside:4.4.4.1/23 inside:10.1.1.1/46179, flags UIO, idle 2s, uptime 2s, timeout 1h0m, bytes
    90

第三步在ASA与RR上查看路由表 ASA路由表: show route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M -
mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA -
OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA
external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external
type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level- 2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route,
o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 172.16.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

C 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected,
outside C 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected,
inside C 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected,
dmz S* 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.1, outside

在RR上查看路由表 show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B

  • BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA -
    OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA
    external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external
    type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level- 1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U -
    per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 172.16.1.254 to network
0.0.0.0

 4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 4.4.4.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected,
FastEthernet1/0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.254

问 题 及 分 析 ICMP在默认情况下是不能允许通过的 优先级小的不能直接访问优先级大的 ASA先检查conn表再检查acl表再检查优先级