问题:
 当我们的web应用做成一个大项目之后,里面有很多的bean配置,如果两个bean的配置id是一样的而且实现类也是一样的,例如有下面两份xml的配置文档:
beancontext1.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="testbean" class="com.koubei.samebeannameconfict.Bean"> <property name="name" value="beancontext1" /> </bean> </beans>
beancontext2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "/spring-beans.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="testbean" class="com.koubei.samebeannameconfict.Bean"> <property name="name" value="beancontext2" /> </bean> </beans>
当spring容器初始化时候同时加载这两份配置文件到当前的上下文的时候,代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( new String[] { "com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml", "com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml" }); //context.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(false); //context.refresh(); Bean bean = (Bean) context.getBean("testbean"); System.out.println(bean.getName()); }
执行这个程序你会看见控制台上打印的结果是:
beancontext2
显然,beancontext2.xml的bean的配置覆盖了 beancontext1.xml中bean的配置,而且在spring初始化上下文的过程中这个过程是静悄悄的执行的,连一点警告都没有。这样如果你的项目中定义了两个id同名的bean,并且,他们的实现方式又是不一样的,这样在后期在项目中执行的逻辑看起来就会非常诡异,而且,如果有大量配置spring配置文件的话,排查问题就会非常麻烦。
解决问题:
 那么,我们如何来解决这个问题吗?靠程序员自律?绝对不定义重复名称的bean?我觉得这个是不靠谱的,只有通过在程序中引入一种交错机制才能解决这个问题。
 首先,我们将上面那段程序的log4j日志打开,看看在spring在初始化的时候面对有两个同名的bean是怎么处理的。
- INFO - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835: display name [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835]; startup date [Sat Jun 19 18:23:30 CST 2010]; root of context hierarchy
- INFO - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml]
- DEBUG - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]
- DEBUG - Found beans DTD [file:///spring-beans.dtd] in classpath: spring-beans.dtd
- DEBUG - Loading bean definitions
- DEBUG - Loaded 1 bean definitions from location pattern [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml]
- INFO - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml]
- DEBUG - Using JAXP provider [com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl]
- DEBUG - Found beans DTD [file:///spring-beans.dtd] in classpath: spring-beans.dtd
- DEBUG - Loading bean definitions
- INFO -Overriding bean definition for bean 'testbean': replacing [Generic bean: class [com.koubei.samebeannameconfict.Bean]; scope=singleton; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null; defined in class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext1.xml]] with [Generic bean: class [com.koubei.samebeannameconfict.Bean]; scope=singleton; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null; defined in class path resource [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml]]
- DEBUG - Loaded 0 bean definitions from location pattern [com/koubei/samebeannameconfict/beancontext2.xml]
- INFO - Bean factory for application context [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835]: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1662dc8- DEBUG - 1 beans defined in org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835: display name [org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@aa9835]; startup date [Sat Jun 19 18:23:30 CST 2010]; root of context hierarchy
- DEBUG - Unable to locate MessageSource with name 'messageSource': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DelegatingMessageSource@1cb25f1]
- DEBUG - Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name 'applicationEventMulticaster': using default [org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster@503429]
- INFO - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1662dc8: defining beans [testbean]; root of factory hierarchy
- DEBUG - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'testbean'
- DEBUG - Creating instance of bean 'testbean'
- DEBUG - Eagerly caching bean 'testbean' to allow for resolving potential circular references
- DEBUG - Finished creating instance of bean 'testbean'
- DEBUG - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'testbean'以上日志中标红的是关键,spring在处理有重名的bean的定义的时候原来是使用的覆盖(override)的方式。我们来看看它是如何覆盖的
在org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 这个类中有这样一段代码:
synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) { Object oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName); if (oldBeanDefinition != null) { if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName + "': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound."); } else { if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) { this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName + "': replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]"); } } } else { this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName); this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null; } this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition); resetBeanDefinition(beanName); }
 spring ioc容器在加载bean的过程中会去判断beanName 是否有重复,如果发现重复的话在根据allowBeanDefinitionOverriding 这个成员变量,如果是true的话则抛出BeanDefinitionStoreException 这个异常,如果为false的话就会覆盖这个bean的定义。
所以,解决这个问题的办法就比较简单了,只要将这个allowBeanDefinitionOverriding值在spring初始化的时候设置为false就行了。
我把解决这个问题的环境放到,web工程中来:
在web工程中加载spring容器会通过:
<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
这个listener来完成的,在这个listener中会构造 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader 这个构造器来加载bean
所以,只要扩展 ContextLoader 和ContextLoaderListener这两个类就行了,代码如下:
KoubeiContextLoader:
import org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader; import org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext; /** * * * @author 百岁(莫正华 baisui@taobao.com) * @version 1.0 2010-6-19 */ public class KoubeiContextLoader extends ContextLoader { @Override protected void customizeContext(ServletContext servletContext, ConfigurableWebApplicationContext applicationContext) { XmlWebApplicationContext context = (XmlWebApplicationContext) applicationContext; context.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(false); } } 
KoubeiContextLoaderListener:
/** * * * @author 百岁(莫正华 baisui@taobao.com) * @version 1.0 2010-6-19 */ public class KoubeiContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoaderListener { @Override protected ContextLoader createContextLoader() { return new KoubeiContextLoader(); } }
最后修改wen-inf 下web.xml 文件,修改listener的配置,如下:
<listener> <listener-class>com.koubei.kac.springcontext.KoubeiContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
设置完这些就ok了,这样你项目中如果在两份被加载的xml文件中如果再出现名字相同的bean的话,spring在加载过程中就会无情的抛出异常,当你去除掉这个异常之后,就能重新出发了。yeah!!!!