对于重复使用而且复杂的参数值,可以定义变量引用,便于管理和修改,也可以创建文件存放变量,引用变量文件即可
示例如下
[root@jack7-1 ansible]# tree .
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── backup
│ └── backup.sh
├── hosts
├── roles
├── vars ============>存放变量的目录
│ └── httpd.yml =========>存放变量的文件
└── work ===========================>工作目录
├── apache_config_1.yml
├── apache_config.yml
├── apache_create.yml
├── apache_remove.yml
变量写法要主要格式和缩进
[root@jack7-1 ansible]# cat vars/httpd.yml
#apache vars
apache:
conf: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
vhost: /etc/httpd/vhost
引用方法:
"{{apache.conf}}"
如下方式创建apache的虚拟主机:
需要注意的是对同一文件多次blockin时,marker很重要,否则会覆盖上次插入的内容
[root@jack7-1 ansible]# cat work/apache_config.yml
-
hosts: jack6-2 remote_user: root vars_files:
-
/etc/ansible/vars/httpd.yml tasks:
-
name: insert line blockinfile: path: "{{apache.conf}}" block: "Listen 8888\nInclude vhost/*.conf" insertafter: EOF marker: "#{mark} 8888"
-
name: cat shell: grep ^Include {{apache.conf}}
-
name: DocumentRoot file: path: "{{apache.droot}}" state: directory
-
name: insert block blockinfile: path: "{{apache.vconf}}" block: "<VirtualHost *:8888>\n\tDocumentRoot /data/www/html\n\tServerName myvhost.com\n\t<Directory /data/www/html>\n\t\tAllowOverride None\n\t\tRequire all granted\n\t\tSatisfy Any\n\t\tOrder allow,deny\n\t\tAllow from all\n\t</Directory>\n</VirtualHost>" insertbefore: BOF backup: yes notify: reload_httpd
-
meta: flush_handlers
-
name: insert content blockinfile: path: "{{apache.vhtml}}" block: "Hello my bro! Welcome to My Website." insertbefore: BOF create: yes marker: "#{mark} WHAT FCK" backup: yes
handlers:
- name: reload_httpd service: name: httpd state: reloaded
-
########################################################################### 当我们需要使用testvar1的变量值时,则需要引用这个变量,如你所见,使用"{{变量名}}"可以引用对应的变量。
也可以定义多个变量,示例如下。
Shell vars: testvar1: testfile testvar2: testfile2 1 2 3 vars: testvar1: testfile testvar2: testfile2
除了使用上述语法,使用YAML的块序列语法也可以定义变量,示例如下
Shell vars:
- testvar1: testfile
- testvar2: testfile2 1 2 3 vars:
- testvar1: testfile
- testvar2: testfile2
在定义变量时,还能够以类似"属性"的方式定义变量,示例如下
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx:
conf80: /etc/nginx/conf.d/80.conf
conf8080: /etc/nginx/conf.d/8080.conf
tasks:
- name: task1 file: path: "{{nginx.conf80}}" state: touch
- name: task2 file: path: "{{nginx.conf8080}}" state: touch
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx:
conf80: /etc/nginx/conf.d/80.conf
conf8080: /etc/nginx/conf.d/8080.conf
tasks:
- name: task1 file: path: "{{nginx.conf80}}" state: touch
- name: task2 file: path: "{{nginx.conf8080}}" state: touch 如上例所示,我定义了两个变量,两个变量的值对应两个nginx配置文件路径
当我们需要引用这两个变量时,有两种语法可用
语法一
Shell "{{nginx.conf80}}" 1 "{{nginx.conf80}}" 语法二
Shell "{{nginx['conf8080']}}" 1 "{{nginx['conf8080']}}"
而在上述后面的示例中引用变量时,变量被引用时如下,处于"开头的位置"
Shell path: "{{nginx.conf80}}" 1 path: "{{nginx.conf80}}" 这种情况下,我们引用变量时必须使用双引号引起被引用的变量,否则会报语法错误
"vars"关键字和"vars_files"关键字可以同时使用,如下
Shell vars:
- conf90: /etc/nginx/conf.d/90.conf vars_files:
- /testdir/ansible/nginx_vars.yml
vars:
- conf90: /etc/nginx/conf.d/90.conf vars_files:
- /testdir/ansible/nginx_vars.yml