学习Android,首先要学会如何配置环境,下面我以bmob后端云为例:
配置环境前的准备:
1.Android Studio(这里我用的是Android Studio3.5.1)
2.注册好的Bmob官方网址(https://www.bmob.cn/)
3.在Bmob上创建应用
配置过程:
1.将Gradle Scripts文件展开并打开第一项build.gradle文件
2.把打开的build.gradle文件中的google()替换成
maven {
url 'https://maven.google.com/'
name 'Google'
}
在allprojects里面加上Bmob的maven仓库(maven { url "https://raw.github.com/bmob/bmob-android-sdk/master" })
,完整代码如下:
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven {
url 'https://maven.google.com/'
name 'Google'
}
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.1'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven {
url 'https://maven.google.com/'
name 'Google'
}
//Bmob的maven仓库地址--必填
maven { url "https://raw.github.com/bmob/bmob-android-sdk/master" }
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
3.把Module的build.gradle文件打开(Gradle Scripts目录下的第二项),先点击一下编译,若出现编译出错请尝试再次编译
编译成功后,添加Bmob官方文档提供依赖文件
implementation 'cn.bmob.android:bmob-sdk:3.7.3-rc1'
implementation "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.2"
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.1.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.okio:okio:2.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.5'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.0'
在android里面添加useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 29
buildToolsVersion "29.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "自己的包名"
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 29
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
implementation 'cn.bmob.android:bmob-sdk:3.7.3-rc1'
implementation "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.2"
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.1.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.okio:okio:2.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.5'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.0'
}
添加后再次点击编译(Sync Now)
4.以上步骤完成后说明bmob-sdk已经加载完成,接下来在AndroidManifest.xml
文件中添加相应的权限:
<!--从Bmob官方文档复制 -->
<!--允许联网 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<!--获取GSM(2g)、WCDMA(联通3g)等网络状态的信息 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<!--获取wifi网络状态的信息 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<!--保持CPU 运转,屏幕和键盘灯有可能是关闭的,用于文件上传和下载 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
<!--获取sd卡写的权限,用于文件上传和下载-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!--允许读取手机状态 用于创建BmobInstallation-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
配置ContentProvider:
<application>
···
<provider
android:name="cn.bmob.v3.util.BmobContentProvider"
android:authorities="你的应用包名.BmobContentProvider">
</provider>
···
</application>
添加
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
完整代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="自己的包名">
<!--允许联网 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<!--获取GSM(2g)、WCDMA(联通3g)等网络状态的信息 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<!--获取wifi网络状态的信息 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<!--保持CPU 运转,屏幕和键盘灯有可能是关闭的,用于文件上传和下载 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
<!--获取sd卡写的权限,用于文件上传和下载-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!--允许读取手机状态 用于创建BmobInstallation-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<provider
android:name="cn.bmob.v3.util.BmobContentProvider"
android:authorities="自己的包名.BmobContentProvider">
</provider>
</application>
</manifest>
5.初始化BmobSDK
Bmob.initialize(this, "Your Application ID");
在Bmob官网上找到控制台进入(已注册),点击创建应用
创建成功后找到设置
把Application ID复制下来粘贴到初始化的方法中如图
6.创建Person类继承BmobObject,参考Bmob官方文档
Person类代码:
public class Person extends BmobObject {
private String name;
private String address;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
7.测试数据添加
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Bmob.initialize(this, "自己的应用ID");
Person p = new Person();
p.setName("KANG");
p.setAddress("北京海淀");
p.save(new SaveListener<String>() {
@Override
public void done(String objectId, BmobException e) {
if(e==null){
toast("添加数据成功,返回objectId为:"+objectId);
}else{
toast("创建数据失败:" + e.getMessage());
}
}
});
}
public void toast(String Message){
Toast.makeText(this, Message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
运行成功并在显示添加成功信息 ,Bmon云数据库就会创建一个Person表和一条数据