设置/更改MySQL的密码问题

一,设置mysql密码

我们安装MySQL时,把它放在了/usr/local/mysql/下,在当前的环境中并没有这个目录,所以我们要把目录添加到当前目录下。

[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

[root@lnmp ~]# source /etc/profile

这样我们就可以在任意环境下进入MySQL,第一次进入MySQL时,是没有密码的。

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot                           (用这个命令可以直接进入mysql。)

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1


mysql> quit                           (quit可以直接退出MySQL)

Bye


[root@lnmp ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin            (在Mysql/bin下,这个文件用来配置或更改mysql密码)

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 7161 31415 8055556 3月  18 2017 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin


[root@lnmp ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'westos123';      (添加密码westos123,下面warning是警告你把密码显示出来了)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.


我们不输入密码登录看看:

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot                        (提示你没有输入密码)

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p                         (加-p输入刚才的密码即可进入)

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


二、如何更改MySQL密码

[root@lnmp ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'westos123' password 'westos321'       (这里需要注意-p后不用加空格)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.


[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p'westos123'     (用旧密码登录时报错)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)


[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p'westos321'          (新密码可以正常登录)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


三、如何重置MySQL密码?(忘记了MySQL密码)

[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf       (修改配置文件)

[mysqld]                         (在mysqld的下面加上一行) 

 skip-grant

[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart           (重新启动MySQL服务)

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 


进入mysql库里更改一个表。

mysql> select password from user;                     (可以查看密码)

+-------------------------------------------+

| password                                  |

+-------------------------------------------+

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

| *1836D7557E753782F1509748BD403456701A0D2F |

|                                           |

|                                           |

+-------------------------------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


下面这条命令就是用来修改密码的,第一个password是字符,第二个password是函数,我们看到上面的密码都是加密的,就是因为函数

mysql> update user set password=password('aminglinux') where user='root'; 

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0


修改完配置文件以后,我们应该把刚才的配置文件改回来,并重新启动MySQL,否则任何人登录MySQL都不用密码。

[root@lnmp ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

删除 skip-grant 


[root@lnmp ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 


我们再尝试用新密码登录,发现配置完成、

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -p'aminglinux'

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


连接MySQL


一、连接mysql的二种方法。

第一种就是我们经常访问本机的方式,直接使用账户和密码登录

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


其实这种方法,默认是用sock的连接的,如果把命令全部敲出来,应该是

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -S/tmp/mysql.sock      (用S来指定sock文件,默认监听的是/tmp/mysql.sock)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


远程连接:(还是用本机的MySQL来做实验,本机的ip是127.0.0.1)

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 (-h来指定ip地址,-P指定端口号,MySQL默认外网访问3306端口)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.


二、用命令行直接操作mysql命令。(在shell脚本时非常实用)

[root@lnmp ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -e "show databases" (-e直接加命令,可以不用进入mysql直接操作,查看所有数据库)

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+


MySQL常用命令

mysql> create database rxr;                           (创建一个rxr的数据库)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.49 sec)


mysql> show databases;                                (查看本地所有数据库)

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| lty                |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

rxr                |

| test               |

+--------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> use rxr;                       (进入到rxr数据库中)

Database changed


mysql> create table lty(`id`int(4),`name`char(40)); (创建一个lty的表,Id和Name只是表里的参数,括号里定义最大字符)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> show tables;                             (查看所在数据库里的表)

+---------------+

| Tables_in_rxr |

+---------------+

| lty           |

+---------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show create table lty;             (查看建表的语句)

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table                                                                                                           |

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| lty   | CREATE TABLE `lty` (

  `id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,

  `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> desc lty;              (查看表里的字段)

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| name  | char(40) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+


mysql> select user();              (查看链接数据库的用户)

+----------------+

| user()         |

+----------------+

| root@localhost |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> select database();                     (查看当前使用的数据库)

+------------+

| database() |

+------------+

| rxr        |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select ();                 (查看当前数据库版本)

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.6.36    |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show status;          (查看数据库状态)因为比较长,所以就不列出来内容了



mysql> show variables;   (查看各项参数,一般这里的参数都可以用vim在/etc/my.cnf里修改)因为比较长,所以就不列出来内容了mysql> show variables like 'max_connect_errors';       (列出来指定选项)

+--------------------+-------+

| Variable_name      | Value |

+--------------------+-------+

| max_connect_errors | 100   |

+--------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000;      (直接在数据库里修改参数,但是如果想要永久修改,还是要去配置文件里)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> show variables like 'max_connect_errors';   (可以看到max_connect_errors被修改成1000)

+--------------------+-------+

| Variable_name      | Value |

+--------------------+-------+

| max_connect_errors | 1000  |

+--------------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show processlist;          (这个命令相当于ps或者top,查看数据库的操作)

+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State | Info             |

+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

|  3 | root | localhost | rxr  | Query   |    0 | init  | show processlist |

+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



MySQL引擎myisam和innodb的区别:

http://blog.csdn.net/xifeijian/article/details/20316775