python 读配置文件 python的配置文件ini

操作ini文件

1.ini介绍

python项目可以使用ini文件或者config文件做配置文件,并提供了configparser.ConfigParser来读取ini, ini配置文件以.ini结尾，config文件以.config结尾，他们的配置方式相同，本文以ini文件量讲解读取方法。下面是一份ini配置实例文件

2.ini的应用场景

主要用于项目的相关配置，比如说数据库信息，环境信息，路径信息等

[host]是节点

[host]
api_sit_url=https://api.binstd.com
api_uat_url=https://api.binstd1.com

[mysql]
host=127.0.0.1
port=3306
user=root
password=yourpassword
dbname=test


[redis]
host=127.0.0.1
port=6379
password=88888
db=0

3.读写ini文件

配置文件由两部分组成sections与items，sections 用来区分不同的配置块，items 是sections下面的键值。

python3中提供了标准模块configparser，该模块下有一个ConfigParser类，可以用来解析ini文件

读取ini相关操作

• read(filename) 读取文件内容(当配置文件有中文时，在调用read()方法时，需要传encoding="utf-8-sig"参数
• sections() 获取所有的section，以列表形式返回
• options(section) 获取指定section的所有options，以列表形式返回
• items(section) 获取指定section的所有键值对，以列表形式返回
• get(section, option) 获取指定option的值，返回类型string

写入ini相关操作

• write(fp) 将config对象写入ini文件
• add_section(section) 添加一个新的section
• set(section, option, value) 对指定section下的某个option赋值
• remove_section(section) 删除某个section
• remove_option(section, option) 删除某个section下的某个option

判断ini的节点

• has_section(section)判断section是否存在，返回值为bool
• has_option(section,option)判断指定的section或者option是否存在，返回值为bool

import configparser
import logging
from conftest import PROJECT_PATH

class ReadIniData():

    def __init__(self,file_path):
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.con = configparser.ConfigParser()
        try:
            self.con.read(file_path,'utf8')
        except Exception as e:
            msg = "读取ini文件失败"+e
            logging.error(msg)

    def get_all_sections(self):
        """
        获取ini文件所有的块section，返回为list
        :return:
        """
        try:
           return self.con.sections()
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "未找到节点"+err
            logging.error(msg)

    def get_all_options(self,section):
        """
        获取ini文件指定块的项
        :param section:需要指定的项
        :return:返回指定块的项（列表形式）
        """
        try:
            return self.con.options(section)
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "未找指定节点的options" + err
            logging.error(msg)

    def get_all_items(self,section):
        """
        获取指定section的所有键值对
        :param section: 返回指定块的项（列表形式）
        :return: section的所有键值对（元祖形式）
        """
        try:
            return self.con.items(section)
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "未找指定节点的items" + str(err)
            logging.error(msg)

    def get_target_option(self,section,option):
        """
         获取指定section和option的值
        :param section:
        :param option:
        :return:目标值
        """
        try:
            return self.con.get(section,option)
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "未找指定节点的item：" + str(err)
            logging.error(msg)

    def write_ini(self):
        """
        修改后写入文件
        :return:
        """
        with open(self.file_path,mode='w') as file:
            self.con.write(file)

    def add_section(self,sec):
        """
        添加节点
        :param sec:
        :return:
        """
        try:
            self.con.add_section(sec)
            self.write_ini()
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "添加section失败" + str(err)
            logging.error(msg)

    def remove_section(self,sec):
        """
        删除节点
        :param sec:
        :return:
        """
        try:
            self.con.remove_section(sec)
            self.write_ini()
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "添加section失败" + str(err)
            logging.error(msg)

    def set_option(self,sec,opt,new_value):
        """
        修改指定section和option的值
        :param sec:
        :param opt:
        :param new_value:
        :return:
        """
        try:
            self.con.set(sec,opt,new_value)
            self.write_ini()
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "修改option的值失败" + str(err)
            logging.error(msg)

    def remove_option(self,sec,option):
        """
        删除某个section下的某个option
        :param sec:
        :param option:
        :return:
        """
        try:
            self.con.remove_option(sec,option)
            self.write_ini()
        except Exception as err:
            msg = "删除option失败" + str(err)
            logging.error(msg)

file_path = PROJECT_PATH+"/config/setting.ini"
read_ini = ReadIniData(file_path)
# sections = read_ini.get_all_sections()
# print("Sctions:")
# print(sections)
# options = read_ini.get_all_options("redis")
# print("Options:")
# print(options)
# items = read_ini.get_all_items("redis")
# print("Items:")
# print(items)
# item = read_ini.get_target_option("redis","password")
# print("target Items:")
# print(item)
# read_ini.add_section("testdata")
# print("add section:")
# print(read_ini.get_all_sections())
# read_ini.remove_section("testdata")
# print("remove section:")
# print(read_ini.get_all_sections())
#异常测试，没有section时的error
# read_ini.set_option("student","age","19")
# read_ini.set_option("redis","port","10086")
# print(read_ini.get_target_option("redis","port"))
read_ini.set_option("redis","port","10086")
read_ini.remove_option("redis","port")
print("remove option:") #先添加，后移除，所有结果为None
print(read_ini.get_target_option("redis","port"))
read_ini.set_option("redis","port","10086")
print("set option:")
print(read_ini.get_target_option("redis","port"))

应该还缺个根据section和option来添加值的，仔细想想觉得和set_option大同小异