使用poi技术对excel进行解析和下载的一个公共使用方法(使用注解的方式配置即可):

java类:

import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.PushbackInputStream;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;


 import org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
 import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
 import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
 import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;
 import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
 import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
 import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

 /*
  * ExcelUtil工具类实现功能:
  * 导出时传入list<T>,即可实现导出为一个excel,其中每个对象T为Excel中的一条记录.
  * 导入时读取excel,得到的结果是一个list<T>.T是自己定义的对象.
  * 需要导出的实体对象只需简单配置注解就能实现灵活导出,通过注解您可以方便实现下面功能:
  * 1.实体属性配置了注解就能导出到excel中,每个属性都对应一列.
  * 2.列名称可以通过注解配置.
  * 3.导出到哪一列可以通过注解配置.
  * 4.鼠标移动到该列时提示信息可以通过注解配置.
  * 5.用注解设置只能下拉选择不能随意填写功能.
  * 6.用注解设置是否只导出标题而不导出内容,这在导出内容作为模板以供用户填写时比较实用.
  * 
  */
 public class ExcelUtil<T> {
 Class<T> clazz;
 public ExcelUtil(Class<T> clazz) {
 this.clazz = clazz;
 }
 /**
 * excel解析成list集合
 * @param sheetName
 * @param input
 * @return
 */
 public List<T> importExcel(String sheetName, InputStream input) {
 List<T> list = new ArrayList<T>();
 try {
 Workbook book = createExcel(input);
 Sheet sheet = null;
 if (sheetName != null && !sheetName.trim().equals("")) {
 sheet = book.getSheet(sheetName);// 如果指定sheet名,则取指定sheet中的内容.
 }
 if (sheet == null) {
 sheet = book.getSheetAt(0);// 如果传入的sheet名不存在则默认指向第1个sheet.
 }
 int rows = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();// 得到数据的行数
 if (rows > 0) {// 有数据时才处理
 Field[] allFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();// 得到类的所有field.
 Map<Integer, Field> fieldsMap = new HashMap<Integer, Field>();// 定义一个map用于存放列的序号和field.
 for (Field field : allFields) {
 // 将有注解的field存放到map中.
 if (field.isAnnotationPresent(ExcelVOAttribute.class)) {
 ExcelVOAttribute attr = field.getAnnotation(ExcelVOAttribute.class);
 int col = getExcelCol(attr.column());// 获得列号
 field.setAccessible(true);// 设置类的私有字段属性可访问.
 fieldsMap.put(col, field);
 }
 }
 for (int i = 1; i < rows; i++) {// 从第2行开始取数据,默认第一行是表头.
 Row cells = sheet.getRow(i);// 得到一行中的所有单元格对象.
 T entity = null;
 for (int j = 0; j < cells.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); j++) {
 String c = getCellValue(cells.getCell(j));// 单元格中的内容.
 if (c.equals("")) {
 continue;
 }
 entity = (entity == null ? clazz.newInstance() : entity);// 如果不存在实例则新建.
 Field field = fieldsMap.get(j);// 从map中得到对应列的field.
 //配置的格式与excel相同的时候才读取
 if(field != null){
 // 取得类型,并根据对象类型设置值.
 Class<?> fieldType = field.getType();
 if ((Integer.TYPE == fieldType) || (Integer.class == fieldType)) {
 field.set(entity, Integer.parseInt(c));
 } else if (String.class == fieldType) {
 field.set(entity, String.valueOf(c));
 } else if ((Long.TYPE == fieldType) || (Long.class == fieldType)) {
 field.set(entity, Long.valueOf(c));
 } else if ((Float.TYPE == fieldType) || (Float.class == fieldType)) {
 field.set(entity, Float.valueOf(c));
 } else if ((Short.TYPE == fieldType) || (Short.class == fieldType)) {
 field.set(entity, Short.valueOf(c));
 } else if ((Double.TYPE == fieldType) || (Double.class == fieldType)) {
 field.set(entity, Double.valueOf(c));
 } else if (Character.TYPE == fieldType) {
 if ((c != null) && (c.length() > 0)) {
 field.set(entity, Character.valueOf(c.charAt(0)));
 }
 }
 }else{
 //如果配置文件不对,则抛出异常
 throw new NullPointerException();
 }
 }
 if (entity != null) {
 list.add(entity);
 }
 }
 }
 } catch (IOException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InstantiationException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InvalidFormatException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 return list;
 }


 /**
 * 对list数据源将其里面的数据导入到excel表单
 * 
 * @param sheetName
 *            工作表的名称
 * @param sheetSize
 *            每个sheet中数据的行数,此数值必须小于65536
 * @param output
 *            java输出流
 */
 public boolean exportExcel(List<T> list, String sheetName, int sheetSize,
 OutputStream output) {
 Field[] allFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();// 得到所有定义字段
 List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<Field>();
 // 得到所有field并存放到一个list中.
 for (Field field : allFields) {
 if (field.isAnnotationPresent(ExcelVOAttribute.class)) {
 fields.add(field);
 }
 }
 HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();// 产生工作薄对象
 HSSFCellStyle style = getStyle(workbook);
 HSSFCellStyle rowStyle = getRowStyle(workbook);
 // excel2003中每个sheet中最多有65536行,为避免产生错误所以加这个逻辑.
 if (sheetSize > 65536 || sheetSize < 1) {
 sheetSize = 65536;
 }
 double sheetNo = Math.ceil(list.size() / sheetSize);// 取出一共有多少个sheet.
 for (int index = 0; index <= sheetNo; index++) {
 HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();// 产生工作表对象
 workbook.setSheetName(index, sheetName + index);// 设置工作表的名称.
 HSSFRow row;
 HSSFCell cell;// 产生单元格
 row = sheet.createRow(0);// 产生一行
 // 写入各个字段的列头名称
 for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
 Field field = fields.get(i);
 ExcelVOAttribute attr = field.getAnnotation(ExcelVOAttribute.class);
 int col = getExcelCol(attr.column());// 获得列号
 cell = row.createCell(col);// 创建列
 cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);// 设置列中写入内容为String类型
 //设置标题的样式
 cell.setCellStyle(style);
 cell.setCellValue(attr.name());// 写入列名
 // 如果设置了提示信息则鼠标放上去提示.
 if (!attr.prompt().trim().equals("")) {
 setHSSFPrompt(sheet, "", attr.prompt(), 1, 100, col, col);// 这里默认设了2-101列提示.
 }
 // 如果设置了combo属性则本列只能选择不能输入
 if (attr.combo().length > 0) {
 setHSSFValidation(sheet, attr.combo(), 1, 100, col, col);// 这里默认设了2-101列只能选择不能输入.
 }
 }
 int startNo = index * sheetSize;
 int endNo = Math.min(startNo + sheetSize, list.size());
 // 写入各条记录,每条记录对应excel表中的一行
 for (int i = startNo; i < endNo; i++) {
 row = sheet.createRow(i + 1 - startNo);
 T vo = (T) list.get(i); // 得到导出对象.
 for (int j = 0; j < fields.size(); j++) {
 sheet.setColumnWidth(j,10 * 512);
 Field field = fields.get(j);// 获得field.
 field.setAccessible(true);// 设置实体类私有属性可访问
 ExcelVOAttribute attr = field.getAnnotation(ExcelVOAttribute.class);
 try {
 // 根据ExcelVOAttribute中设置情况决定是否导出,有些情况需要保持为空,希望用户填写这一列.
 if (attr.isExport()) {
 cell = row.createCell(getExcelCol(attr.column()));// 创建cell
 cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
 //设值数据的样式
     cell.setCellStyle(rowStyle);
 cell.setCellValue(field.get(vo) == null ? ""
 : String.valueOf(field.get(vo)));// 如果数据存在就填入,不存在填入空格.
 }
 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 }
 }
 try {
 output.flush();
 workbook.write(output);
 output.close();
 return true;
 } catch (IOException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 System.out.println("Output is closed ");
 return false;
 }
 }


 /**
 * 将EXCEL中A,B,C,D,E列映射成0,1,2,3
 * 
 * @param col
 */
 public static int getExcelCol(String col) {
 col = col.toUpperCase();
 // 从-1开始计算,字母重1开始运算。这种总数下来算数正好相同。
 int count = -1;
 char[] cs = col.toCharArray();
 for (int i = 0; i < cs.length; i++) {
 count += (cs[i] - 64) * Math.pow(26, cs.length - 1 - i);
 }
 return count;
 }


 /**
 * 设置单元格上提示
 * 
 * @param sheet
 *            要设置的sheet.
 * @param promptTitle
 *            标题
 * @param promptContent
 *            内容
 * @param firstRow
 *            开始行
 * @param endRow
 *            结束行
 * @param firstCol
 *            开始列
 * @param endCol
 *            结束列
 * @return 设置好的sheet.
 */
 public static HSSFSheet setHSSFPrompt(HSSFSheet sheet, String promptTitle,
 String promptContent, int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol,
 int endCol) {
 // 构造constraint对象
 DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint
 .createCustomFormulaConstraint("DD1");
 // 四个参数分别是:起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
 CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(firstRow,
 endRow, firstCol, endCol);
 // 数据有效性对象
 HSSFDataValidation data_validation_view = new HSSFDataValidation(
 regions, constraint);
 data_validation_view.createPromptBox(promptTitle, promptContent);
 sheet.addValidationData(data_validation_view);
 return sheet;
 }


 /**
 * 设置某些列的值只能输入预制的数据,显示下拉框.
 * 
 * @param sheet
 *            要设置的sheet.
 * @param textlist
 *            下拉框显示的内容
 * @param firstRow
 *            开始行
 * @param endRow
 *            结束行
 * @param firstCol
 *            开始列
 * @param endCol
 *            结束列
 * @return 设置好的sheet.
 */
 public static HSSFSheet setHSSFValidation(HSSFSheet sheet,
 String[] textlist, int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol,
 int endCol) {
 // 加载下拉列表内容
 DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createExplicitListConstraint(textlist);
 // 设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上,四个参数分别是:起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列
 CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(firstRow,endRow, firstCol, endCol);
 // 数据有效性对象
 HSSFDataValidation data_validation_list = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
 sheet.addValidationData(data_validation_list);
 return sheet;
 }

 /**
 * 
 * @param inp
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 * @throws InvalidFormatException
 */
 public Workbook createExcel(InputStream inp) throws IOException,InvalidFormatException {
    if (!inp.markSupported()) {
         inp = new PushbackInputStream(inp, 8);
     }
    //xls格式
    if (POIFSFileSystem.hasPOIFSHeader(inp)) {
         return new HSSFWorkbook(inp);
    }
    //xlsx格式
    if (POIXMLDocument.hasOOXMLHeader(inp)) {
         return new XSSFWorkbook(OPCPackage.open(inp));
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("你的excel版本目前poi解析不了");
 }

 /**
 * 根据类型获取单元格内容
 * @param cell
 * @return
 */
 public static String getCellValue(Cell cell){  
         String cellValue = "";  
         if(cell == null){  
             return cellValue;  
         }  
         //把数字当成String来读,避免出现1读成1.0的情况  
         if(cell.getCellType() == Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC){  
             cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);  
         }  
         //判断数据的类型  
         switch (cell.getCellType()){  
             case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC: //数字  
                 cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());  
                 break;  
             case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING: //字符串  
                 cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getStringCellValue());  
                 break;  
             case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN: //Boolean  
                 cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());  
                 break;  
             case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: //公式  
                 cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getCellFormula());  
                 break;  
             case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK: //空值   
                 cellValue = "";  
                 break;  
             case Cell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: //故障  
                 cellValue = "非法字符";  
                 break;  
             default:  
                 cellValue = "未知类型";  
                 break;  
         }  
         return cellValue;  
     }  

 //设置单元格标题样式
     public HSSFCellStyle getStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb){
        HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
        font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);  
            font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setFont(font);
    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);  
            style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);  
            style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
            style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
            style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
            style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
            style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        return style;
     }

    
   //设置表单的样式
     public HSSFCellStyle getRowStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb){
     HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
     font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
     HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
     style.setFont(font);
     style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index);  
     style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);  
     style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
     style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
     style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
     style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);  
     style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);  
     style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
     return style;
     }}
excel配置注解类:
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;


 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Target( { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD })
 public @interface ExcelVOAttribute {


 /**
 * 导出到Excel中的名字.
 */
 public abstract String name();


 /**
 * 配置列的名称,对应A,B,C,D....
 */
 public abstract String column();


 /**
 * 提示信息(与combo不能同时使用)
 */
 public abstract String prompt() default "";


 /**
 * 设置只能选择不能输入的列内容.(下拉框类型)
 */
 public abstract String[] combo() default {};


 /**
 * 是否导出数据,应对需求:有时我们需要导出一份模板,这是标题需要但内容需要用户手工填写.(设置为true就是到处数据,为false就是不导出数据)
 */
 public abstract boolean isExport() default true;
  }
创建好以上两个java类,下面是使用方法:
新建一个实体类,字段与excel中的字段相同,类型全部为String类型:
package com.tgb.lk.test04;


 import com.tgb.lk.util.ExcelVOAttribute;

 //新建的实体类:根据需求配置注解
 public class StudentVO {

 @ExcelVOAttribute(name = "姓名", column = "B", isExport = true, prompt = "姓名为必填项哦!")
 private String name;

 @ExcelVOAttribute(name = "性别", column = "C", combo = { "男", "女" })
 private String sex;

 @ExcelVOAttribute(name = "班级", column = "D", combo = { "五期提高班", "六期提高班",
 "七期提高班" })
 private String clazz;

 @ExcelVOAttribute(name="生日",column="E")
 private String birthday;

 @ExcelVOAttribute(name = "公司", column = "F")
 private String company;

 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }

 public void setName(String name) {
 this.name = name;
 }

 public String getSex() {
 return sex;
 }

 public void setSex(String sex) {
 this.sex = sex;
 }

 public String getClazz() {
 return clazz;
 }

 public void setClazz(String clazz) {
 this.clazz = clazz;
 }

 public String getCompany() {
 return company;
 }

 public void setCompany(String company) {
 this.company = company;
 }

 public String getBirthday() {
 return birthday;
 }

 public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
 this.birthday = birthday;
 }

 @Override
 public String toString() {
 return "StudentVO [birthday=" + birthday + ", clazz=" + clazz
 + ", company=" + company + ", name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex
 + "]";
 }}
java中调用方法解析excel:
public static void main(String[] args) {
 FileInputStream fis = null;
 try {
 fis = new FileInputStream("d:\\ftptest.xlsx");
 ExcelUtil<StudentVO> util = new ExcelUtil<StudentVO>(
 StudentVO.class);
 List<StudentVO> list = util.importExcel(null, fis);//拿到list后根据自己的需求对list中的数据进行处理
 System.out.println(list);
 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }}
 
//excel导出时弹出下载框的方法:
//获取输出流
     public void getOut(HSSFWorkbook workbook,String fileName){
     OutputStream out = null;
     try {
     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
     response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
     response.setContentType("application/x-download");
     response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
     out = response.getOutputStream();
     workbook.write(out);
     out.flush();
     out.close();
     } catch (IOException e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
     }finally{
     try {
     if(out != null){
     out.close();
     }
     } catch (IOException e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
     }
     }    }
弹框下载文件的方法:
    /**
     * 弹出下载框下载文件
     * @param file
     */
   @SuppressWarnings("unused")
 public void exportXml(File file){
   InputStream is = null;
   OutputStream os = null;
   BufferedInputStream bis = null;
   BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
 try {
 if(file.exists()){
   is = new FileInputStream(file);
   os = response.getOutputStream();
   bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
   bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
   response.reset();
   response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
   response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");// 不同类型的文件对应不同的MIME类型
   response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="+file.getName());
   int bytesRead = 0;
   byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
   while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1){
         bos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);// 将文件发送到客户端
   }
   bos.flush();
   bis.close();
   bos.close();
   is.close();
   os.close();
   //下载完成后删除文件
   Boolean falg = file.delete();
 }
 } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IOException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }finally{
 try {
 bos.flush();
 bis.close();
 bos.close();
 is.close();
 os.close();
 } catch (IOException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 }

全部代码已经上传至百度云盘java项目中