Swift - 文件，文件夹操作大全

已更新到swift3

ios开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用FileManager，FileHandle等类来实现。

下面总结了各种常用的操作：

1，遍历一个目录下的所有文件

//1、首先我们获取用户文档目录路径
        let manager = FileManager.default
        let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
        let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
        print(url)
        
        //2、对指定的路径执行浅搜索，返回制定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
        let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath: url.path)
        print("contentsOfPath:\(String(describing: contentsOfPath))")
        
        //3、类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回制定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
        let hcontentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles)
        print("hcontentsOfPath:\(String(describing: hcontentsOfPath))")
        
        //4、深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
        let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumerator(atPath: url.path)
        print("enumeratorAtPath:\(String(describing: enumeratorAtPath))")
        
        //5、类似上面的，深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
        let eunmeratorAtURL = manager.enumerator(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler: nil)
        print("enumeratorAtURL:\(String(describing: eunmeratorAtURL?.allObjects))")
        
        //6、深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath）
        let subPaths = manager.subpaths(atPath: url.path)
        print("subpaths:\(String(describing: subPaths))")

 

2，判断文件或文件夹是否存在

//判断文件夹是否存在
        let filePaths:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/test1"
        print(filePaths)
        
        let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: filePaths)
        print(exist)
        if exist {
            print("有")
        }else
        {
            print("无")
        }

 

3，创建文件夹

方式1：

let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFile/Files"
        let fileManager = FileManager.default
        
        //withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
        try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath: myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)

 

方式2：

func creatFiles(name:String,baseURL:NSURL) {
        let hmanager = FileManager.default
        let myFolders = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
        print("文件夹:\(String(describing: myFolders))")
        
        let exist = hmanager.fileExists(atPath: myFolders!.path)
        
        if !exist {
            try! hmanager.createDirectory(at: myFolders!, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
        }
        
    }
 
let hurlForDocument = fileManager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let hurl = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL creatFiles(name: "Folder", baseURL: hurl)

 

4，将对象写入文件

可以通过writeToFile方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。
（1）把String保存到文件

let hfilepath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hero.txt"
let info = "欢迎来到hero11223.com"
try! info.write(toFile: hfilepath, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

（2）把图片保存到文件路径下

let h1filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hero.png"
let himage = UIImage(named: "Icon_180.png")
let hdata:Data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(himage!)!
try? hdata.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: h1filePath))

（3）把NSArray保存到文件路径下

let array:NSArray = ["aaa","bbb","ccc"]
print(array)
let h2filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
print(h2filePath)
array.write(toFile: h2filePath, atomically: true)

 

（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下

let dictionary:NSDictionary = ["gold":"1kl","silver":"2k"]
print(dictionary)
let h3filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
print(h3filePath)
dictionary.write(toFile: h3filePath, atomically: true)

 

5，创建文件

//创建文件
    func creatFile(name:String,baseurl:URL) {
        let manager = FileManager.default
        
        let file = baseurl.appendingPathComponent(name)
        print("文件：\(file)")
        
        let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath: file.path)
        
        if !exist {
            let data = Data(base64Encoded:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:.ignoreUnknownCharacters)
            let createSuccess = manager.createFile(atPath: file.path, contents: data, attributes: nil)
            
            print("文件创建结果：\(createSuccess)")
        }
        
        
    }

//在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
let h1urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
let h1url = urlForDocument[0]
creatFile(name: "hero11.txt", baseurl: h1url)

6，复制文件 

（1）方法1

let fileManager = FileManager.default


let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()


let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hero.txt"


let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"

try! fileManager.copyItem(atPath: srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录

let manager = FileManager.default


let urlForDocument = manager.urls( for:.documentDirectory, in:.userDomainMask)


let url = urlForDocument[0]

 
// 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件

let srcUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")


let toUrl = url.appendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")

 
try! manager.copyItem(at: srcUrl, to: toUrl)

7，移动文件
（1）方法1

FileManager
.
default

（2）方法2

FileManager
.
default
manager.urls( 
for
: .documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask)
appendingPathComponent
appendingPathComponent

8，删除文件
（1）方法1

FileManager
.
default

（2）方法2

FileManager
.
default
for
: .documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask
appendingPathComponent

9，删除目录下所有的文件
（1）方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除

FileManager
.
default
atPath:

（2）方法2：删除目录后重新创建该目录

FileManager
.
default
atPath: 
atPath:

10，读取文件  here

FileManager
.
default
urls
for
: .documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask
String
.
Encoding
.utf8
atPath: file.path
String
.
Encoding
.utf8

11，在任意位置写入数据

urls(
for
:.documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask)
data(using: 
String
.
Encoding
.utf8, allowLossyConversion: 
true
)

12，文件权限判断

urlForDocument
urls(
for
: .documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask)
urlForDocument

13，获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）

urlForDocument
urls(
for
: .documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask)
atPath:

14，文件/文件夹比较

urlForDocument
urls(
for
: .documentDirectory, 
in
:.userDomainMask)
urlForDocument
atPath:

作者：稻草人11223