单臂路由实现vlan间相互通信

概述
单臂路由是指路由器的一个网络端口上通过配置子接口(或者逻辑接口,即不存在真的物理子接口)的方式,实现相互隔离的不同VLAN之间的互联互通。单臂路由的结构。

配置子接口时,需要注意以下几点:
1、必须围殴每个子接口分配一个IP地址。该IP地址与子接口所属VLAN位于同一网段中;
2、需要在子接口上配置802.1Q封装,用于剥除和添加VLAN Tag,从而实现VLAN间相互通信;
3、在子接口上执行arpbroadcast enable启用子接口的ARP广播功能。

实验拓扑

linux 子接口配vlan 子接口进行vlan间路由_linux 子接口配vlan

实验思路

Ⅰ配置终端设备的IP地址、子网掩码、网关地址;
Ⅱ配置交换机,创建VLAN,并添加进相应的端口中,配置Access端口,配置Trunk端口;
Ⅲ配置路由器,配置子接口参数,子接口的IP地址对应的就是VLAN 的网关地址;
切记要开启子接口的ARP广播功能。

实验操作

配置计算机、服务器IP参数

linux 子接口配vlan 子接口进行vlan间路由_交换机_02


linux 子接口配vlan 子接口进行vlan间路由_linux 子接口配vlan_03

配置交换机S1

(1)创建VLAN,并添加端口。命令如下。

[S1]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[S1]interface Ethernet0/0/1
[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[S1-Ethernet0/0/1]quit
[S1]int	
[S1]interface Ethernet0/0/2
[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access 
[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]quit
[S1]

(2)配置交换机S1的Trunk端口,命令如下。

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk 
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]display this
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
#
return
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[S1]

交换机S1配置完成后,先测试一下PC1与Server1之间是否能正常通信,测试结果不能。

linux 子接口配vlan 子接口进行vlan间路由_Ethernet_04

配置路由器R1

配置子接口
①配置子接口参数

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.10		//进入子接口配置视图.10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]ip address 192.168.1.254 24		//配置子接口IP地址,此接口为对应VLAN 网关地址
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]dot1q termination vid 10		//配置802.1Q封装,对应VLAN 为VLAN 10
Jul 10 2020 23:22:31-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]arp broadcast enable 	//开启子接口的ARP广播功能!!!
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10
 dot1q termination vid 10
 ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 
 arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10]quit
[R1]int	

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1.20		//进入子接口配置视图.20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]dot1q termination vid 20	//配置802.1Q封装,对应VLAN 为VLAN 20
Jul 10 2020 23:23:26-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]arp broadcast enable 		//开启子接口的ARP广播功能!!!
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20
 dot1q termination vid 20
 ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0 
 arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20]quit
[R1]

补充说明
1、配置802.1Q封装的作用时是在接收VLAN 数据时将剥掉的VLAN 标签进行三层转发,在发送数据时,将会把与该子接口对应的VLAN 标签添加到 VLAN 数据中。
2、开启子接口的ARP广播功能后,子接口才能主动发送ARP广播报文,以及向外转发IP报文。

②查看子接口配置信息,命令如下。

[R1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           up         down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10           192.168.1.254/24     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20           192.168.2.254/24     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[R1]

③查看路由表信息,命令如下。

[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.254   GigabitEthernet
0/0/1.10
  192.168.1.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1.10
  192.168.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1.10
    192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.254   GigabitEthernet
0/0/1.20
  192.168.2.254/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1.20
  192.168.2.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1.20
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
测试

在PC1上利用ping命令测试与Server1的通信情况。

linux 子接口配vlan 子接口进行vlan间路由_Ethernet_05


至此,实验结束~