Docker 网络模式、配置桥接网络

原创

Xavi2017 2018-07-11 09:54:28 博主文章分类：Docker ©著作权

文章标签 Docker 网络模式配置桥接网络 文章分类 运维

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一、Docker 网络模式

4中常用网络模式：

host 模式，使用docker run时使用–net=host指定docker使用的网络实际上和宿主机一样，在容器内看到的网卡ip就是宿主机ip

container 模式，使用–net=container:container_id/container_name 多个容器使用共同的网络，看到的ip是一样的

none 模式，使用–net=none指定，这种模式下，不会配置任何网络。没有网卡。

bridge 模式，使用–net=bridge指定默认模式，不用指定默认就是这种网络模式。这种模式会为每个容器分配一个独立的Network Namespace。类似于vmware的nat网络模式。同一个宿主机上的所有容器会在同一个网段下，相互之间是可以通信的。

[root@xavi ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 

{
       "registry-mirrors": ["https://dhq9bx4f.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
       }
       
[root@xavi ~]# systemctl restart docker

4.1 首先开启一个容器，然后在该容器中安装nginx服务，然后把这个带nginx服务的容器做一个打包，或者导成一个镜像

[root@xavi ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS                    NAMES
97331ffb05d1        centos7             "bash"                   12 hours ago        Exited (255) About an hour ago                            vigilant_bhabha
43e7d37d1adc        centos7             "bash"                   13 hours ago        Exited (255) About an hour ago                            friendly_visvesvaraya
9c2b897587c2        registry            "/entrypoint.sh /etc…"   13 hours ago        Exited (2) 12 hours ago                                   epic_saha
d0b81c693cc5        registry            "/entrypoint.sh /etc…"   14 hours ago        Exited (255) About an hour ago   0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   objective_chebyshev
3d3e63448ad7        centos7             "bash"                   14 hours ago        Created                                                   zen_lewin
cb6e2aaaa0a9        centos7             "bash"                   14 hours ago        Exited (137) 13 hours ago                                 reverent_jones
[root@xavi ~]# docker start 97331ffb05d1   
97331ffb05d1
[root@xavi ~]# docker exec -it 97331ffb05d1 bash //进入容器中

安装niginx钱要先安装epel-release，然后安装nginx

[root@97331ffb05d1 /]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@97331ffb05d1 /]# yum install -y nginx

[root@97331ffb05d1 /]# systemctl start nginx //启动报错，设计权限，先不理会
Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted

4.2 再把该容器导成一个新的镜像（centos_nginx)，然后再使用新镜像创建容器，并指定端口映射。

[root@xavi ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
97331ffb05d1        centos7             "bash"              13 hours ago        Up 17 minutes                           vigilanbhabha

[root@xavi ~]# docker commit -m "install nginx" -a "xavi" 75cd8a3d69fd centos_with_nginx
sha256:9539596d8741aca9406eb1c35659fe12f9276559f523bb40b2a352293b5c72ac

查看一下：

docker run -itd -p 8088:80 centos7 bash //-p 可以指定端口映射，本例中将容器的80端口映射为本地的8088端口，也就是说，现在任何主机只要通过宿主机IP：8088 就可以访问容器的80端口

[root@xavi ~]# docker run -itd -p 8088:80 centos7 bash 
0d67e75dffbbd12353ef8a659b34b9aa298ec7d49fd1d747359aa0084a893124

创建新的镜像centos7_with_nginx

[root@xavi ~]# docker create -it centos7 bash
4cf76beb5d6011822ef3218b777a4d66d4759d58b050418cc3a3075bc259ea06
[root@xavi ~]# 
[root@xavi ~]# docker run -itd --name centos7_with_nginx centos7 bash
75cd8a3d69fdee63d30e730156302bd32cd368d74a0df52e158a53bbd784debf
[root@xavi ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                    NAMES
75cd8a3d69fd        centos7             "bash"                   8 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds                                         centos7_with_nginx
4cf76beb5d60        centos7             "bash"                   57 seconds ago      Created                                              gracious_varahamihira

扩展：删除镜像：docker rmi -f centos7:latest

[root@xavi ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
centos_with_nginx             latest              9539596d8741        About a minute ago   602MB
centos7                       latest              d7e2a277c949        27 minutes ago       600MB
192.168.72.130:5000/centos7   latest              b70022c29244        15 hours ago         435MB
192.168.72.130:5000/ubuntu    latest              113a43faa138        4 weeks ago          81.2MB
ubuntu                        latest              113a43faa138        4 weeks ago          81.2MB
centos                        latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago          200MB
registry                      latest              d1fd7d86a825        5 months ago         33.3MB

[root@xavi ~]# docker rmi -f centos7:latest    
Untagged: centos7:latest

如上问题解决方案：operation not permitted。解决nginx无法启动的问题

[root@xavi ~]# docker run -itd --privileged -e "container=docker" -p 8080:80 centos_with_nginx /usr/sbin/init
6d5ef0483f06ef23f19638c0fae467a23e2dcf1faadfd68be6007e7f0f81f803
[root@xavi ~]# docker exec -it 6d5ef0483f06e bash
[root@6d5ef0483f06 /]# 

[root@6d5ef0483f06 /]# systemctl start nginx
[root@6d5ef0483f06 /]# ps aux |grep nginx
root        214  0.0  0.1 120720  2096 ?        Ss   02:21   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx       215  0.0  0.1 121104  2920 ?        S    02:21   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx       216  0.0  0.1 121104  2920 ?        S    02:21   0:00 nginx: worker process
root        218  0.0  0.0   9040   668 pts/1    S+   02:21   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

内部访问：

[root@6d5ef0483f06 /]# curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <style type="text/css">

外部访问：

[root@xavi ~]# curl localhost:8080
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <style type="text/css">

从其他终端访问：

[root@xavi-002 ~]# curl 192.168.72.130:8080
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
        <style type="text/css">

总结：

-p后面也支持IP:port:ip:port 的格式，比如

-p 127.0.0.1:8080:80

也可以不写本地的端口，只写ip，这样会随意分配一个端口

-p 127.0.0.1::80  //注意这里是两个冒号

二、配置桥接网络

这种模式应该不陌生，这种模式就是相当于配置咱们的容器和宿主机在同一局域网模式下，这样我们就可以认为这台docker容器也是一台真正的宿主机了！

我们这里需要桥接的是ens33网卡

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/; cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0

vi ifcfg-eth0 //增加BRIDGE=br0，删除IPADDR,NETMASK,GATEWAY,DNS1

vi ifcfg-br0//修改DEVICE为br0,Type为Bridge,把eth0的网络设置设置到这里来

[root@xavi ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@xavi network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@xavi network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0

TYPE=Bridge  
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=br0
##UUID=3b000477-c3db-4855-b5ba-c73bb1546b3a
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.72.130
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.72.2
DNS1=119.29.29.29
DNS2=8.8.8.8
ZONE=work

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重启网卡：systemctl restart network

[root@xavi network-scripts]# systemctl restart network

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删除ens33:0，并修改ifcfg-ens33中的内容，并添加一句BRIDGE=br0

[root@xavi network-scripts]# rm -f ifcfg-ens33:0
[root@xavi network-scripts]# ls
ficfg-ens33      ifcfg-lo          ifdown-ippp    ifdown-Team      ifup-ib     ifup-ppp       init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-br0        ifcfg-lo.bak      ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ippp   ifup-routes    network-functions
ifcfg-ens33      ifcfg-有线连接_1  ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ipv6   ifup-sit       network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-ens33.bak  ifdown            ifdown-post    ifup             ifup-isdn   ifup-Team
ifcfg-ens37      ifdown-bnep       ifdown-ppp     ifup-aliases     ifup-plip   ifup-TeamPort
ifcfg-ens37-1    ifdown-eth        ifdown-routes  ifup-bnep        ifup-plusb  ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-ens37.bak  ifdown-ib         ifdown-sit     ifup-eth         ifup-post   ifup-wireless
[root@xavi network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes 
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no 
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
#UUID=3b000477-c3db-4855-b5ba-c73bb1546b3a
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
#IPADDR=192.168.72.130
#NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#GATEWAY=192.168.72.2
#DNS1=119.29.29.29
#DNS2=8.8.8.8
#ZONE=work
BRIDGE=br0

修改完成后ens33没有了IP，而br0网卡有了IP

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安装pipwork

git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework

cp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/ //不需要任何的编译，直接copy配置文件到bin目录下即可：

开启一个容器 <设置成没有网络模式：>

[root@xavi ~]# docker run -itd --net=none centos_with_nginx bash
8b065a783badf3c083b4f3c37a25ae9bc9e2a465cf3dab97455f8db606a57e6d
[root@xavi ~]# docker exec -it 8b065a78 bash
[root@8b065a783bad /]# ifconfig
bash: ifconfig: command not found

给容器设置一个指定的IP地址：pipework br0 8b065a78 192.168.72.135/24@192.168.72.2

#135为容器的ip，@后面的ip为网关ip

[root@xavi ~]# pipework br0 8b065a78 192.168.72.135/24@192.168.72.2

做题做完测试后，发现宿主机连不上网络了，百度一搜索，发现ifup这个命令奏效了

[root@xavi network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
[root@xavi network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@xavi network-scripts]# systemctl status network.service
● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 日 2018-07-08 09:51:25 CST; 17s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 15140 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 17079 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Memory: 8.0K

7月 08 09:51:25 xavi network[17079]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi network[17079]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi network[17079]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi network[17079]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi network[17079]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi network[17079]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi systemd[1]: network.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking.
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi systemd[1]: Unit network.service entered failed state.
7月 08 09:51:25 xavi systemd[1]: network.service failed.
[root@xavi network-scripts]# ifup ens33
[root@xavi network-scripts]# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (123.125.115.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 123.125.115.110 (123.125.115.110): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=35.4 ms
64 bytes from 123.125.115.110 (123.125.115.110): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=50.1 ms

查看错误日志：tail -20 /var/log/messages

错误解决后，无法解决ens33显示IP的问题。

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