socket（）大致调用流程如下
具体流程
1
socket() 执行实际上是是调用sys_socketcall()系统调用。sys_socketcall()是几乎所有socket相关函数的入口，即是说，bind，connect等等函数都需要sys_socketcall()作为入口。该系统调用代码如下：
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(socketcall, int, call, unsigned long __user *, args)
{
unsigned long a[AUDITSC_ARGS];
unsigned long a0, a1;
int err;
unsigned int len;
if (call < 1 || call > SYS_SENDMMSG)
return -EINVAL;
call = array_index_nospec(call, SYS_SENDMMSG + 1);
len = nargs[call];
if (len > sizeof(a))
return -EINVAL;
/* copy_from_user should be SMP safe. */
if (copy_from_user(a, args, len))
return -EFAULT;
err = audit_socketcall(nargs[call] / sizeof(unsigned long), a);
if (err)
return err;
a0 = a[0];
a1 = a[1];
switch (call) {
case SYS_SOCKET:
err = __sys_socket(a0, a1, a[2]);
break;
case SYS_BIND:
err = __sys_bind(a0, (struct sockaddr __user *)a1, a[2]);
break;
case SYS_CONNECT:
err = __sys_connect(a0, (struct sockaddr __user *)a1, a[2]);
break;
case SYS_LISTEN:
err = __sys_listen(a0, a1);
break;
case SYS_ACCEPT:
err = __sys_accept4(a0, (struct sockaddr __user *)a1,
(int __user *)a[2], 0);
break;
case SYS_GETSOCKNAME:
err =
__sys_getsockname(a0, (struct sockaddr __user *)a1,
(int __user *)a[2]);
break;
case SYS_GETPEERNAME:
err =
__sys_getpeername(a0, (struct sockaddr __user *)a1,
(int __user *)a[2]);
break;
case SYS_SOCKETPAIR:
err = __sys_socketpair(a0, a1, a[2], (int __user *)a[3]);
break;
case SYS_SEND:
err = __sys_sendto(a0, (void __user *)a1, a[2], a[3],
NULL, 0);
break;
case SYS_SENDTO:
err = __sys_sendto(a0, (void __user *)a1, a[2], a[3],
(struct sockaddr __user *)a[4], a[5]);
break;
case SYS_RECV:
err = __sys_recvfrom(a0, (void __user *)a1, a[2], a[3],
NULL, NULL);
break;
case SYS_RECVFROM:
err = __sys_recvfrom(a0, (void __user *)a1, a[2], a[3],
(struct sockaddr __user *)a[4],
(int __user *)a[5]);
break;
case SYS_SHUTDOWN:
err = __sys_shutdown(a0, a1);
break;
case SYS_SETSOCKOPT:
err = __sys_setsockopt(a0, a1, a[2], (char __user *)a[3],
a[4]);
break;
case SYS_GETSOCKOPT:
err =
__sys_getsockopt(a0, a1, a[2], (char __user *)a[3],
(int __user *)a[4]);
break;
case SYS_SENDMSG:
err = __sys_sendmsg(a0, (struct user_msghdr __user *)a1,
a[2], true);
break;
case SYS_SENDMMSG:
err = __sys_sendmmsg(a0, (struct mmsghdr __user *)a1, a[2],
a[3], true);
break;
case SYS_RECVMSG:
err = __sys_recvmsg(a0, (struct user_msghdr __user *)a1,
a[2], true);
break;
case SYS_RECVMMSG:
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT_TIME))
err = __sys_recvmmsg(a0, (struct mmsghdr __user *)a1,
a[2], a[3],
(struct __kernel_timespec __user *)a[4],
NULL);
else
err = __sys_recvmmsg(a0, (struct mmsghdr __user *)a1,
a[2], a[3], NULL,
(struct old_timespec32 __user *)a[4]);
break;
case SYS_ACCEPT4:
err = __sys_accept4(a0, (struct sockaddr __user *)a1,
(int __user *)a[2], a[3]);
break;
default:
err = -EINVAL;
break;
}
return err;
}在sys_socketcall()函数中可以看到，各式各样的系统调用
但最后的流程里可知我们要调用的是sys_socket()函数
该函数声明如下：
asmlinkage long sys_socket(int, int, int);该函数的源码以及分析如下：
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(socket, int, family, int, type, int, protocol)
{
int retval;
struct socket *sock;
int flags;
BUILD_BUG_ON(SOCK_CLOEXEC != O_CLOEXEC);
BUILD_BUG_ON((SOCK_MAX | SOCK_TYPE_MASK) != SOCK_TYPE_MASK);
BUILD_BUG_ON(SOCK_CLOEXEC & SOCK_TYPE_MASK);
BUILD_BUG_ON(SOCK_NONBLOCK & SOCK_TYPE_MASK);
flags = type & ~SOCK_TYPE_MASK;
if (flags & ~(SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK))
return -EINVAL;
/*
* 获取套接字类型
*/
type &= SOCK_TYPE_MASK;
/*
* 如果SOCK_NONBLOCK不等于O_NONBLOCK并且设置了SOCK_NONBLOCK
* 标志，则将flags中的SOCK_NONBLOCK替换为O_NONBLOCK。
*/
if (SOCK_NONBLOCK != O_NONBLOCK && (flags & SOCK_NONBLOCK))
flags = (flags & ~SOCK_NONBLOCK) | O_NONBLOCK;
/*
* 根据协议族类型和套接字类型创建套接字。
*/
retval = sock_create(family, type, protocol, &sock);
if (retval < 0)
goto out;
/*
* 创建一个新的文件描述符，将新创建的
* socket实例关联上去。
*/
retval = sock_map_fd(sock, flags & (O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK));
if (retval < 0)
goto out_release;
out:
/* It may be already another descriptor 8) Not kernel problem. */
return retval;
out_release:
sock_release(sock);
return retval;
}对于创建socket，自然会在switch中调用到sys_socket()系统调用，而这个函数仅仅是调用sock_create()来创建socket和sock_map_fd()来与文件系统进行关联。其中sock_create()调用__sock_create().
接下来的流程则如下
int __sock_create(struct net *net, int family, int type, int protocol,
struct socket **res, int kern)
{
int err;
struct socket *sock;
const struct net_proto_family *pf;
/*
* Check protocol is in range
*/
if (family < 0 || family >= NPROTO)
return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
if (type < 0 || type >= SOCK_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
/* Compatibility.
This uglymoron is moved from INET layer to here to avoid
deadlock in module load. (避免模块加载死锁)
*/
if (family == PF_INET && type == SOCK_PACKET) {
pr_info_once("%s uses obsolete (PF_INET,SOCK_PACKET)\n",
current->comm);
family = PF_PACKET;
}
/*检查权限，并考虑协议集、类型、协议，以及 socket 是在内核中创建还是在用户空间中创建*/
err = security_socket_create(family, type, protocol, kern);
if (err)
return err;
/*
* Allocate the socket and allow the family to set things up. if
* the protocol is 0, the family is instructed to select an appropriate
* default.
*/
sock = sock_alloc();
if (!sock) {
net_warn_ratelimited("socket: no more sockets\n");
return -ENFILE; /* Not exactly a match, but its the
closest posix thing */
}
sock->type = type;
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
/* Attempt to load a protocol module if the find failed.
*
* 12/09/1996 Marcin: But! this makes REALLY only sense, if the user
* requested real, full-featured networking support upon configuration.
* Otherwise module support will break!
*/
if (rcu_access_pointer(net_families[family]) == NULL)
request_module("net-pf-%d", family);
#endif
rcu_read_lock();
pf = rcu_dereference(net_families[family]);
err = -EAFNOSUPPORT;
if (!pf)
goto out_release;
/*
* We will call the ->create function, that possibly is in a loadable
* module, so we have to bump that loadable module refcnt first.
*/
if (!try_module_get(pf->owner))
goto out_release;
/* Now protected by module ref count */
rcu_read_unlock();
err = pf->create(net, sock, protocol, kern);
if (err < 0)
goto out_module_put;
/*
* Now to bump the refcnt of the [loadable] module that owns this
* socket at sock_release time we decrement its refcnt.
*/
if (!try_module_get(sock->ops->owner))
goto out_module_busy;
/*
* Now that we're done with the ->create function, the [loadable]
* module can have its refcnt decremented
*/
module_put(pf->owner);
err = security_socket_post_create(sock, family, type, protocol, kern);
if (err)
goto out_sock_release;
*res = sock;
return 0;
out_module_busy:
err = -EAFNOSUPPORT;
out_module_put:
sock->ops = NULL;
module_put(pf->owner);
out_sock_release:
sock_release(sock);
return err;
out_release:
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out_sock_release;
}而sock_alloc函数式分配并初始化一个socket和一个inode，二者是捆绑在一起的，如果成功则返回socket，如果inode创建出问题，则返回NULL。
部分源码如下：
struct socket *sock_alloc(void)
{
struct inode *inode;
struct socket *sock;
inode = new_inode_pseudo(sock_mnt->mnt_sb);
if (!inode)
return NULL;
sock = SOCKET_I(inode);//该宏根据返回的inode获取到分配的socket_alloc指针
inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
inode->i_mode = S_IFSOCK | S_IRWXUGO;
inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();//用户ID，在后面调用bind系统调用时会进行对比
inode->i_gid = current_fsgid();//组ID
inode->i_op = &sockfs_inode_ops;
return sock;
}接下来就是通过调用pf->create(net, sock, protocol, kern)这个回调函数来创建socket
而pf的创建过程如下：
pf = rcu_dereference(net_families[family]);比如创建AF_INET的socket时,net_families[AF_INET]实际上为inet_family_ops，那么socket的创建函数pf->create，调用的是inet_create
inet_create()的源码如下：
/*
* Create an inet socket.
*/
static int inet_create(struct net *net, struct socket *sock, int protocol,int kern)
{
struct sock *sk;
struct inet_protosw *answer;
struct inet_sock *inet;
struct proto *answer_prot;
unsigned char answer_flags;
int try_loading_module = 0;
int err;
if (protocol < 0 || protocol >= IPPROTO_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
sock->state = SS_UNCONNECTED;
/* Look for the requested type/protocol pair. */
lookup_protocol:
err = -ESOCKTNOSUPPORT;
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(answer, &inetsw[sock->type], list) {
err = 0;
/* Check the non-wild match. */
if (protocol == answer->protocol) {
if (protocol != IPPROTO_IP)
break;
} else {
/* Check for the two wild cases. */
if (IPPROTO_IP == protocol) {
protocol = answer->protocol;
break;
}
if (IPPROTO_IP == answer->protocol)
break;
}
err = -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
}
if (unlikely(err)) {
if (try_loading_module < 2) {
rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* Be more specific, e.g. net-pf-2-proto-132-type-1
* (net-pf-PF_INET-proto-IPPROTO_SCTP-type-SOCK_STREAM)
*/
if (++try_loading_module == 1)
request_module("net-pf-%d-proto-%d-type-%d",
PF_INET, protocol, sock->type);
/*
* Fall back to generic, e.g. net-pf-2-proto-132
* (net-pf-PF_INET-proto-IPPROTO_SCTP)
*/
else
request_module("net-pf-%d-proto-%d",
PF_INET, protocol);
goto lookup_protocol;
} else
goto out_rcu_unlock;
}
err = -EPERM;
if (sock->type == SOCK_RAW && !kern &&
!ns_capable(net->user_ns, CAP_NET_RAW))
goto out_rcu_unlock;
sock->ops = answer->ops;
answer_prot = answer->prot;
answer_flags = answer->flags;
rcu_read_unlock();
WARN_ON(!answer_prot->slab);
err = -ENOBUFS;
sk = sk_alloc(net, PF_INET, GFP_KERNEL, answer_prot);
if (!sk)
goto out;
err = 0;
if (INET_PROTOSW_REUSE & answer_flags)
sk->sk_reuse = SK_CAN_REUSE;
inet = inet_sk(sk);
inet->is_icsk = (INET_PROTOSW_ICSK & answer_flags) != 0;
inet->nodefrag = 0;
if (SOCK_RAW == sock->type) {
inet->inet_num = protocol;
if (IPPROTO_RAW == protocol)
inet->hdrincl = 1;
}
if (net->ipv4.sysctl_ip_no_pmtu_disc)
inet->pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DONT;
else
inet->pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_WANT;
inet->inet_id = 0;
sock_init_data(sock, sk);
sk->sk_destruct = inet_sock_destruct;
sk->sk_protocol = protocol;
sk->sk_backlog_rcv = sk->sk_prot->backlog_rcv;
inet->uc_ttl = -1;
inet->mc_loop = 1;
inet->mc_ttl = 1;
inet->mc_all = 1;
inet->mc_index = 0;
inet->mc_list = NULL;
inet->rcv_tos = 0;
sk_refcnt_debug_inc(sk);
if (inet->inet_num) {
/* It assumes that any protocol which allows
* the user to assign a number at socket
* creation time automatically
* shares.
*/
inet->inet_sport = htons(inet->inet_num);
/* Add to protocol hash chains. */
sk->sk_prot->hash(sk);
}
if (sk->sk_prot->init) {
err = sk->sk_prot->init(sk);
if (err)
sk_common_release(sk);
}
out:
return err;
out_rcu_unlock:
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out;
}
另一部分则是sock_map_fd()函数
sock_map_fd()主要是创建一个文件描述符，然后将socket实例附加到文件描述符对应的file实例中，其代码流程图如下所示：
sock_alloc_fd()分配一个空闲的文件描述符
sock_attach_fd()将分配的文件描述符对应的file实例和新分配的socket实例关联起来
fd_install()将新分配的文件描述添加到存储当前进程所有打开的文件描述符的数组中
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