http://www.docin.com/p-632146211.html

1、python中的字符串类型是不允许直接修改元素的。必须先把要排序的字符串放在容器里,如list。

2、python中list容器的sort()函数没有返回值。所以在python中对字符串排序需要好几行代码:

s="string"
l=list(s)
l.sort()
s="".join(l)
print s    'ginrst'

 

一行代码搞定字符串排序的方法:

s="string"
s="".join((lambda x:(x.sort(),x)[1])(list(s)))

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python_忽略大小写对字符串列表排序

直接上代码

 

[python] view plaincopyprint?

 

1. string = ''''' 
2. the stirng 
3. Has many 
4. line In 
5. THE fIle 
6. '''  
7. list_of_string = string.split()  
8. print list_of_string     #将字符串分离开,放入列表中  
9. print '*'*50  
10.   
11.   
12. def case_insensitive_sort(liststring):  
13. for x in liststring] #将字符串列表,生成元组,(忽略大小写的字符串,字符串)  
14. "white-space:pre">       </span>#对元组排序,因为元组为:(忽略大小写的字符串,字符串),就是按忽略大小写的字符串排序  
15.   
16. return [x[1] for x in listtemp]  #排序完成后,返回原字符串的列表  
17.   
18. print case_insensitive_sort(list_of_string)  #调用起来,测试一下

结果:

 

 

[python] view plaincopyprint?

 

1. ['the', 'stirng', 'Has', 'many', 'line', 'In', 'THE', 'fIle']  
2. **************************************************  
3. ['fIle', 'Has', 'In', 'line', 'many', 'stirng', 'THE', 'the']


另一种方法:

使用内建函数

 

sorted(iterable[,cmp[, key[,reverse]]])

Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.

 

key specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a comparison key from each list element:key=str.lower. The default value isNone.

 

 使用参数key=str.lower

代码如下:

 

[python] view plaincopyprint?

 

1. def case_insensitive_sort2(liststring):  
2. return sorted(liststring,key = str.lower)


效果一样~

 

方法三:

使用list的sort方法:

 

The sort()

cmp specifies a custom comparison function of two arguments (list items) which should return a negative, zero or positive number depending on whether the first argument is considered smaller than, equal to, or larger than the second argument: cmp=lambda x,y:cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()). The default value is None.

key specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a comparison key from each list element: key=str.lower. The default value is None.

reverse is a boolean value. If set to True, then the list elements are sorted as if each comparison were reversed.

[python] view plaincopyprint?

 

1. def case_insensitive_sort3(liststring):  
2. lambda x,y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()))  
3.   
4.   
5. case_insensitive_sort3(list_of_string)  
6. print list_of_string

但这次调用的时候就有区别了。。。

 

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根据字符串长度来排序

给定字符串:xs = ['dddd','a','bb','ccc'] 

输出排序的结果:['a','bb','ccc','dddd']

解决1:

xs.sort(key=len)

解决2:

xs.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(len(x), len(y)) 

注意:当传递lambda给sort时,需要返回integer,而不能为bool数

使用:

xs.sort(lambda x,y: len(x) < len(y))则不对。

 

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python根据字符串中的内嵌的数字排序

l = [ 'ch9.txt', 'ch10.txt', 'ch1.txt', 'ch3.txt', 'ch11.txt' ]
排序完成后
l=[ 'ch1.txt', 'ch3.txt', 'ch9.txt', 'ch10.txt', 'ch11.txt' ]
import re
l = [ 'ch9.txt', 'ch10.txt', 'ch1.txt', 'ch3.txt', 'ch11.txt' ]
p = re.compile("(\d+)")
def my_cmp(v1, v2):
    d1 = [int(i) for i in p.findall(v1)][0]
    d2 = [int(i) for i in p.findall(v2)][0]
    return cmp(d1, d2)

l.sort(my_cmp)
print l

>>> import re
>>>
>>> l = [ 'ch9.txt', 'ch10.txt', 'ch1.txt', 'ch3.txt', 'ch11.txt' ]
>>>
>>> p = re.compile("(\d+)")
>>>
>>> def my_cmp(v1, v2):
...     d1 = [int(i) for i in p.findall(v1)][0]
...     d2 = [int(i) for i in p.findall(v2)][0]
...     return cmp(d1, d2)
...
>>>
... l.sort(my_cmp)
>>>
>>> print l
['ch1.txt', 'ch3.txt', 'ch9.txt', 'ch10.txt', 'ch11.txt']
>>>

一句代码足以
l.sort(key = lambda x:int(re.match('\D+(\d+)\.txt',x).group(1)))