文档课题：在rhel 6.5将mysql备份压缩指令由gzip调整为pigz.
系统：rhel 6.5 64位
数据库：mysql 5.5.18
应用场景：mysql生产环境中TB级别的数据量在压缩备份时会消耗很多时间，当将压缩命令由gzip调整为pigz时可加快速度，此结论已在rhel 7.3验证成功.现笔者在rhel 6.5上进行相关测试.
1、原备份语句
[mysql@MySQL5518-Master ~]$ /usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root --password=mysql_4U --port=3306 --slave-info --stream=tar --tmpdir=/mysql/tmpfile /mysql/bak/ 2>/mysql/log_bak/backup.log |gzip ->/mysql/bak/192.168.133.122_20230819_3306.tar.gz

2、pigz安装
2.1、理论知识
pigz是压缩命令gzip的并行版，默认线程数是cpu个数.centos 7可以用yum安装，centos 6需编译安装.

2.2、安装基础包
[root@MySQL5518-Master ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
[root@MySQL5518-Master ~]# rpm -q zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make | grep "not installed"

2.3、上传pigz包
sftp> lcd F:\package
sftp> cd /
sftp> put pigz-2.7.tar.gz

注意：pigz-2.7.tar.gz安装包勿上传到/root目录进行此后的处理，否则安装好pigz后mysql用户备份时会报如下错误.
[mysql@MySQL5518-Master ~]$ /usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root --password=mysql_4U --port=3306 --slave-info --stream=tar --tmpdir=/mysql/tmpfile /mysql/bak/ 2>/mysql/log_bak/backup.log |pigz -k -p6 ->/mysql/bak/192.168.133.122_20230819_3306.tar.gz
-bash: pigz: command not found

2.4、解压编译
[root@MySQL5518-Master ~]# cd /
[root@MySQL5518-Master /]# tar xvf pigz-2.7.tar.gz
[root@MySQL5518-Master /]# cd pigz-2.7
[root@MySQL5518-Master pigz-2.7]# make 
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual   -c -o pigz.o pigz.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual   -c -o yarn.o yarn.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual   -c -o try.o try.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/deflate.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/blocksplitter.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/tree.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/lz77.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/cache.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/hash.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/util.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/squeeze.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/katajainen.c
gcc -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wcast-qual -c zopfli/src/zopfli/symbols.c
gcc  -o pigz pigz.o yarn.o try.o deflate.o blocksplitter.o tree.o lz77.o cache.o hash.o util.o squeeze.o katajainen.o symbols.o -lm -lpthread -lz
ln -f pigz unpigz
[root@MySQL5518-Master pigz-2.7]# echo $?
0
[root@MySQL5518-Master pigz-2.7]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@MySQL5518-Master pigz-2.7]# ln -s /pigz-2.7/pigz /usr/local/bin
[root@MySQL5518-Master pigz-2.7]# ln -s /pigz-2.7/unpigz /usr/local/bin
[root@MySQL5518-Slave pigz-2.7]# chmod 777 -R /pigz-2.7
[root@MySQL5518-Slave pigz-2.7]# chown -R mysql:mysql /pigz-2.7

2.5、pigz帮助信息
[root@MySQL5518-Master pigz-2.7]# pigz
Usage: pigz [options] [files ...]
  will compress files in place, adding the suffix '.gz'. If no files are
  specified, stdin will be compressed to stdout. pigz does what gzip does,
  but spreads the work over multiple processors and cores when compressing.

Options:
  -0 to -9, -11        Compression level (level 11, zopfli, is much slower)
  --fast, --best       Compression levels 1 and 9 respectively
  -A, --alias xxx      Use xxx as the name for any --zip entry from stdin
  -b, --blocksize mmm  Set compression block size to mmmK (default 128K)
  -c, --stdout         Write all processed output to stdout (won't delete)
  -C, --comment ccc    Put comment ccc in the gzip or zip header
  -d, --decompress     Decompress the compressed input
  -f, --force          Force overwrite, compress .gz, links, and to terminal
  -F  --first          Do iterations first, before block split for -11
  -h, --help           Display a help screen and quit
  -H, --huffman        Use only Huffman coding for compression
  -i, --independent    Compress blocks independently for damage recovery
  -I, --iterations n   Number of iterations for -11 optimization
  -J, --maxsplits n    Maximum number of split blocks for -11
  -k, --keep           Do not delete original file after processing
  -K, --zip            Compress to PKWare zip (.zip) single entry format
  -l, --list           List the contents of the compressed input
  -L, --license        Display the pigz license and quit
  -m, --no-time        Do not store or restore mod time
  -M, --time           Store or restore mod time
  -n, --no-name        Do not store or restore file name or mod time
  -N, --name           Store or restore file name and mod time
  -O  --oneblock       Do not split into smaller blocks for -11
  -p, --processes n    Allow up to n compression threads (default is the
                       number of online processors, or 8 if unknown)
  -q, --quiet          Print no messages, even on error
  -r, --recursive      Process the contents of all subdirectories
  -R, --rsyncable      Input-determined block locations for rsync
  -S, --suffix .sss    Use suffix .sss instead of .gz (for compression)
  -t, --test           Test the integrity of the compressed input
  -U, --rle            Use run-length encoding for compression
  -v, --verbose        Provide more verbose output
  -V  --version        Show the version of pigz
  -Y  --synchronous    Force output file write to permanent storage
  -z, --zlib           Compress to zlib (.zz) instead of gzip format
  --                   All arguments after "--" are treated as files
  
3、备份验证
[root@MySQL5518-Master local]# /usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root --password=mysql_4U --port=3306 --slave-info --stream=tar --tmpdir=/mysql/tmpfile /mysql/bak/ 2>/mysql/log_bak/backup.log |pigz -k -p6 ->/mysql/bak/192.168.133.122_20230819_3306.tar.gz

说明：该备份语句成功执行.

参考网址：https://blog.csdn.net/zhaoyq008/article/details/103662355