视图是一个存在于数据库中的虚拟表。视图本身没有数据,只是通过执行相应的select语句完成获得相应的数据。可以理解为select语句的别名。
(1).视图的作用
1.如果某个查询结果出现的非常频繁,即将这个查询结果作为子查询使用,视图能够简化用户的操作(简单性)
2.对数据提供安全保护(安全性)
3.对重构的数据库提供一定的逻辑性(逻辑数据独立性)
(2).创建视图
创建实验环境:
mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use test_db;
Database changed
mysql> create table user_tb(id int,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into user_tb values('1','zhangsan'),('2','lisi');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from user_tb;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | zhangsan |
| 2 | lisi |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
create view [视图名] as [select查询语句];
mysql> create view st as select * from user_tb where id=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> select name from st;
+----------+
| name |
+----------+
| zhangsan |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
视图可以根据需求2次加工。
(3).修改视图
alter view [视图名] as [select语句];
mysql> alter view st as select * from user_tb where id=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select name from st;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| lisi |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(4).删除视图
drop view [视图名];
mysql> drop view st;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from st;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test_db.st' doesn't exist