视图是一个存在于数据库中的虚拟表。视图本身没有数据,只是通过执行相应的select语句完成获得相应的数据。可以理解为select语句的别名。

(1).视图的作用

  1.如果某个查询结果出现的非常频繁,即将这个查询结果作为子查询使用,视图能够简化用户的操作(简单性)

  2.对数据提供安全保护(安全性)

  3.对重构的数据库提供一定的逻辑性(逻辑数据独立性)

(2).创建视图

  创建实验环境:

mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use test_db;
Database changed
mysql> create table user_tb(id int,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into user_tb values('1','zhangsan'),('2','lisi');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from user_tb;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
|    1 | zhangsan |
|    2 | lisi     |
+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

  create view [视图名] as [select查询语句];

mysql> create view st as select * from user_tb where id=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> select name from st;
+----------+
| name     |
+----------+
| zhangsan |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

视图可以根据需求2次加工。

(3).修改视图

  alter view [视图名] as [select语句];

mysql> alter view st as select * from user_tb where id=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select name from st;
+------+
| name |
+------+
| lisi |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(4).删除视图

  drop view [视图名];

mysql> drop view st;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from st;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test_db.st' doesn't exist