概述
RAC全称是Real Application Clusters，中文译为“实时应用集群”，是ORACLE甲骨文公司提供的在低成本服务器上构建高可用性数据库系统的解决方案，部署自由，无需购买额外部件，就可以实现多节点的负载均衡和故障转移功能，满足7*24业务不间断的需求，而且，结合“Oracle数据卫士”（OracleData Guard），Oracle RAC所受到的保护就能抵御重大的场地故障、人为误操作、自然灾害等，真正实现负载均衡+异地容灾+灾难恢复。关于rac+dg的优点这里就不一一赘述了，下面进入实战部署环节。
一、DataGuard环境：
RAC + DataGuard有四种组合，这里我们选择RAC + Single standby 的模式。
RAC Primary Database 环境:
服务器主机名 rac1 rac2
公共IP地址（eth0） 192.168.56.101 192.168.56.102
虚拟IP地址（eth0） 192.168.56.201 192.168.56.202
私有IP地址（eth1） 10.10.10.101 10.10.10.102
ORACLE RAC SID rac1 rac2
集群实例名称 rac-scan
SCAN IP 192.168.56.100
Standby Database 环境:
公共IP地址（eth0） 192.168.56.10
ORACLE_SID rac
二、RAC环境部署
以下操作均在两个节点配置！！！
1、网卡配置
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
2. DEVICE=eth0
3. HWADDR=00:0C:29:58:EA:A5
4. TYPE=Ethernet
5. UUID=69c53a7f-749f-46e3-90e4-2f1e739a6c2f
6. ONBOOT=yes
7. NM_CONTROLLED=no
8. BOOTPROTO=none
9. IPADDR=192.168.56.101
10. NETMASK=255.255.255.0
11. GATEWAY=192.168.56.1
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
2. DEVICE=eth1
3. ONBOOT=yes
4. NM_CONTROLLED=no
5. BOOTPROTO=none
6. IPADDR=10.10.10.101
7. NETMASK=255.255.255.0
8. GATEWAY=10.10.10.1
2、修改/etc/hosts文件
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
2.
3. #public IP
4. 192.168.56.101 rac1
5. 192.168.56.102 rac2
6.
7. #virtual IP
8. 192.168.56.201 rac1-vip
9. 192.168.56.202 rac2-vip
10.
11. #private IP
12. 10.10.10.101 rac1-priv
13. 10.10.10.102 rac2-priv
14.
15. #SCAN IP
16. 192.168.56.100 rac-scan
3、配置yum源
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo.bak
2. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-local.repo
3. [local_repo]
4. name=local_repo
5. baseurl=file:///media/rhel_local/
6. enabled=1
7. gpgcheck=0
4、创建挂载目录
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir /media/rhel_local/
2. [root@rac1 ~]# mount /dev/sr0/ /media/rhel_local/
3. [root@rac1 ~]# yum clean all
4. [root@rac1 ~]# yum repolist
5
、安装
oracle
必需的依赖包
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++* gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel sysstat make elfutils-libelf-devel
2.
3. [root@rac1 ~]# yum install -y xorg-x11-apps.x86_64
4. [root@rac1 ~]# yum install -y xterm-253-1.el6.x86_64
5.
6. [root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
7.
8. [root@rac1 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
注：1、xorg-x11-apps.x86_64和 xterm-253-1.el6.x86_64用于使用xstart远程弹出图像化界面；
2、pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm也是oracle安装必需的安装包，但是在系统的ISO文件里边是没有的，需要自己到网上下载；不安装也是可以的，选择忽略即可。
3、cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm包是解压数据库安装包之后，位于database/rpm目录下，需要通过scp命令上传到节点2进行安装，命令如下：
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1. [root@rac1 rpm]# scp cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm rac2:/tmp/
6、关闭防火墙
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off
2. [root@rac1 ~]# service iptables stop
3. [root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig iptables --list
4. iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
7、关闭NetworkManager
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager off
2. [root@rac1 ~]# service NetworkManager stop
3. [root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager --list
4. NetworkManager 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
8、禁用SELinux
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
2. SELINUX=disabled
3.
4. [root@rac1 ~]# sestatus
5. SELinux status: disabled
6.
7. [root@rac1 ~]# getenforce
8. Disabled
9、禁用时间同步
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1. [root@rac1 rpm]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak
10、创建oracle和grid用户及其用户组
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd -g 201 oinstall
2. [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd -g 202 dba
3. [root@rac1 ~]# useradd -m -u 203 -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash grid
4. [root@rac1 ~]# useradd -m -u 202 -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
11、验证用户并修改密码
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# id oracle
2. [root@rac1 ~]# id grid
3. [root@rac1 ~]# id nobody
4. 修改密码：
5. [root@rac1 ~]# passwd oracle
6. [root@rac1 ~]# passwd grid
12、创建目录结构并授予权限
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/grid/app/11.2.0
2. [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/grid/app/grid
3. [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0
4. [root@rac1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/grid
5. [root@rac1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle
13、配置grid和oracle用户环境变量
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /home/grid/.bash_profile
2. export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
3. export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid/app/grid
4. export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/grid/app/11.2.0
5. export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.
6. export TEMP=/tmp
7. export TMP=/tmp
8. export TMPDIR=/tmp
9. umask 022
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
2. export ORACLE_SID=rac1
3. export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle/app
4. export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0
5. export ORACLE_UNQNAME=rac
6. export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
7. umask 022
注：grid的home目录不能在base目录下
14、用户资源配置
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
2. grid soft nproc 2047
3. grid hard nproc 16384
4. grid soft nofile 1024
5. grid hard nofile 65536
6. oracle soft nproc 2047
7. oracle hard nproc 16384
8. oracle soft nofile 1024
9. oracle hard nofile 65536
15、
修改登录限制，添加以下行
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
2. session required pam_limits.so
16、修改内核配置文件
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
2. fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
3. fs.file-max = 6815744
4. kernel.shmall = 4194304
5. kernel.shmmax = 12884901887
6. kernel.shmmni = 4096
7. kernel.sem = 250
8. net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000
9. net.core.rmem_default = 262144
10. net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
11. net.core.wmem_default = 262144
12. net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
13. net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144
14. net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304
15.
16. 使配置生效
17. [root@rac1 ~]# sysctl -p
注：1、kernel.shmmax用于定义单个共享内存段的最大值，设置应该足够大，能够在一个共享内存段下容纳整个的SGA，这个值是可以通过公式来计算的，例如12G的物理内存设置值为：kernel.shmmax=12*1024*1024*1024-1=12884901887
2、kernel.shmall用于控制可以使用的共享内存的总页数，Linux共享内存页大小为4kb，而且一个共享内存段的最大大小是16GB，那么需要的内存页数是：kernel.shmall=16G/4kb=16*1024*1024*1024/(4*1024)=4194304
如果这个两个参数设置不合理，那么在安装的过程中就可能报错:SGA can not be greater than maximum shared memory segment size(0)或者ORA-27102:outof memory的错误。
17、禁用大页内存
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
2. [always] madvise never
3. [root@rac1 ~]# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo
4. AnonHugePages: 34816 kB
5. [root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/grub.conf
6. transparent_hugepage=never
18、配置磁盘udev规则
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1. [root@rac1 rpm]# lsblk
2. [root@rac1 rpm]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdb
3. [root@rac1 rpm]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdc
4. [root@rac1 rpm]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdd
5. [root@rac1 rpm]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sde
6. [root@rac1 rpm]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdf
7. [root@rac1 rpm]# /sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sdg
8.
9. [root@rac1 rpm]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle.rules
10. KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29752a07064d7f4bee3c21493f6", NAME="asm-data1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
11. KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29a44da3235cca533f6ed2b0b08", NAME="asm-data2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
12. KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c2941f88cb68ebe1de205a2404ca", NAME="asm-ocr1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
13. KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29b2b10f5dd7045d3726f8b1df5", NAME="asm-ocr2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
14. KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29e13ab98faf53fa16329cadfec", NAME="asm-ocr3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"
15.
16.
17. [root@rac1 ~]# start_udev
18. [root@rac1 ~]# ls /dev/asm*
19. /dev/asm-data1 /dev/asm-data2 /dev/asm-ocr1 /dev/asm-ocr2 /dev/asm-ocr3
注：1、如果是VMware Station虚拟机环境，获取不到磁盘UUID的话，则要在两个节点的.vmx文件中添加以下两个参数行后，重启
disk.locking="FALSE"
disk.EnableUUID = "TRUE"
2、如果是VirtualBox虚拟机环境，只要在虚拟介质管理把磁盘属性设置成共享即可。
19、使用secureCRT的sftp工具，上传安装包到服务器
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1. sftp>
2. sftp>
3. sftp>
4. p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
5. p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
6. sftp>
20、解压安装包
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# cd /u01/soft/
2. [root@rac1 soft]# ls
3. p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
4. [root@rac1 soft]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
5. [root@rac1 soft]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
6. [root@rac1 soft]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
7. [root@rac1 soft]# ll
8. total 3664224
9. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Aug 27 2013 database
10. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Aug 27 2013 grid
11. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1395582860 Oct 26 2015 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
12. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1151304589 Oct 26 2015 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
13. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1205251894 Mar 21 15:58 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
21、如果是vsphereclient的话，可以直接打开控制台，此时安装是最为方便的，但是如果需要远程安装的话，推荐使用xmanager的xstart工具，它能远程弹出图形化界面，就不必要到机房安装了。这里先安装集群软件。
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# xclock
2. [root@rac1 ~]# xhost +
3. access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
4. [root@rac1 ~]# su - grid
5. [grid@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
6. [grid@rac1 ~]$ cd /u01/soft/grid
7. [grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller
注：这里有个小技巧，如果我们按照以上方法还是弹不出安装界面的话，可以尝试直接使用grid用户登录，后边安装oracle库软件和dbca建库的时候也是如此。
22、由于篇幅有限，安装过程就不一一罗列了（需要的朋友可以留言，
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# /u01/grid/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. [root@rac1 ~]# /u01/grid/app/11.2.0/root.sh
23、同理，接下来安装oracle库软件（选择install database software only）
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1. [root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
2. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
3. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd /u01/soft/database
4. [oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
5. [root@rac1 ~]# /u01/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
6. [root@rac1 ~]# /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/root.sh
24、接下来使用grid用户执行asmca创建磁盘组，使用oracle用户执行dbca命令安装数据库
25、检查已经安装成功
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1. [grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t
2. Name Type Target State Host
3. ------------------------------------------------------------
4. ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
5. ora.DATA2.dg ora....up.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
6. ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
7. ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
8. ora.VOTE.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
9. ora.VOTE2.dg ora....up.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
10. ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
11. ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
12. ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
13. ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
14. ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
15. ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
16. ora.rac.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
17. ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
18. ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
19. ora.rac1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
20. ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
21. ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
22. ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
23. ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
24. ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
25. ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
26. ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
27. ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
28. ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
三、DataGuard部署部分
前面部分我们已经搭建了RAC环境了，此时我们需要另外一台服务器做standby database，在以下步骤之前，请确保该服务器已经安装好oracle库软件。
主库配置及相关操作
1、确认主库处于归档模式
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1. SQL>
2. Database log mode Archive Mode
3. Automatic archival Enabled
4. Archive destination +DATA
5. Oldest online log sequence 135
6. Next log sequence to archive 136
7. Current log sequence 136
2、如果不是归档模式，必须先调整为归档模式
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- SQL>
3、主库设为FORCE LOGGING模式
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1. SQL>
2. SQL>
3.
4. NAME LOG_MODE FOR
5. --------- ------------ ---
6. RAC ARCHIVELOG YES
4、查询主库日志文件
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1. SQL>
2.
3. THREAD# GROUP# MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024
4. ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
5. 1 1 1 50
6. 1 2 1 50
7. 2 3 1 50
8. 2 4 1 50
5、为主库添加6组standby log文件，以便它们自动被传送到备库。（一般比主库多一组）
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1. SQL>
2. SQL>
3. SQL>
4. SQL>
5. SQL>
6. SQL>
查询添加的日志文件
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1. SQL>
2.
3. GROUP# THREAD# BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS
4. ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
5. 11 1 50 UNASSIGNED
6. 12 1 50 UNASSIGNED
7. 13 1 50 UNASSIGNED
8. 14 2 50 UNASSIGNED
9. 15 2 50 UNASSIGNED
10. 16 2 50 UNASSIGNED
11.
12. 6 rows selected.
6、修改主库初始化参数文件
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1. SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(rac,rac_dg)' scope=both sid='*';
2. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=o4db_dg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac_dg' scope=both sid='*';
3. SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile sid='*';
4. SQL> alter system set log_archive_max_processes=8 scope=both sid='*';
5. SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='/oradata/rac/','+DATA/rac/datafile' scope=spfile sid='*';
6. SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='/oradata/rac/','+DATA/rac/onlinelog' scope=spfile sid='*';
7. SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO scope=both sid='*';
8. SQL> alter system set fal_server='rac_dg' scope=both sid='*';
7、查看配置是否生效，通过下列语句查询
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1. SQL>
2. SQL>
3. SQL>
4. SQL>
5. db_file_name_convert /oradata/rac, +DATA/rac/datafile
6. log_file_name_convert /oradata/rac, +DATA/rac/onlinelog
7. log_archive_dest_1 LOCATION=+DATA
8. log_archive_dest_2 SERVICE=rac_dg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac_dg
9. log_archive_dest_state_1 enable
10. log_archive_dest_state_2 ENABLE
11. fal_server rac_dg
12. log_archive_config DG_CONFIG=(rac,rac_dg)
13. log_archive_format %t_%s_%r.arc
14. log_archive_max_processes 8
15. standby_file_management AUTO
16. remote_login_passwordfile EXCLUSIVE
17. db_name rac
18. db_unique_name rac
19.
20. 14 rows selected.
8、配置主库本地NET服务名（两个节点，包括standby database节点）
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1. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ vi /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
2. RAC
3. DESCRIPTION
4. ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac-scan)(PORT = 1521))
5. CONNECT_DATA
6. SERVER = DEDICATED)
7. SERVICE_NAME = rac)
8. )
9. )
10.
11. RAC_DG
12. DESCRIPTION
13. ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.10)(PORT = 1521))
14. CONNECT_DATA
15. SERVER = DEDICATED)
16. SERVICE_NAME = rac_dg)
17. )
18. )
9、在主库中创建StandbyControl File，并上传到standby节点
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1. SQL>
2. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ scp /tmp/control_dg.ctl 192.168.56.10:/oradata/rac/control01.ctl
10、主库做全库备份
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1. RMAN>
2.
3. Starting backup at 25-MAY-17
4. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
5. allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
6. channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=34 instance=rac1 device type=DISK
7. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
8. channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
9. input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/system.256.939291779
10. input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/sysaux.257.939291779
11. input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs1.258.939291779
12. input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/undotbs2.264.939292069
13. input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/users.259.939291779
14. input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/test.411.944053153
15. input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/rac/datafile/test.412.944053495
16. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-MAY-17
17. channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-MAY-17
18. piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rac_20170525_10 tag=TAG20170525T211359 comment=NONE
19. channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:08
20. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
21. channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
22. including current control file in backup set
23. including current SPFILE in backup set
24. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-MAY-17
25. channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-MAY-17
26. piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rac_20170525_11 tag=TAG20170525T211359 comment=NONE
27. channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
28. Finished backup at 25-MAY-17
11、scp备份集到standby节点
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1. [oracle@rac1 backup]$ scp /u01/oracle/backup/* 192.168.56.10:/oradata/backup/
2. oracle@192.168.56.10's password:
3. rac_20170525_10 100% 1261MB 7.5MB/s 02:48
4. rac_20170525_11 100% 18MB 18.0MB/s 00:01
12、为standby创建密码文件
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1. [oracle@rac1 ~]$ scp /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/dbs/orapwrac1 192.168.56.10:/u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/dbs/orapwrac
2. oracle@192.168.56.10's password:
3. orapwrac1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
standbydatabase配置部分
1、修改初始化文件如下
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1. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ cat /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/dbs/initrac.ora
2. *.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/app/admin/rac/adump'
3. *.audit_trail='db'
4. *.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
5. *.control_files='/oradata/rac/control01.ctl'
6. *.db_block_size=8192
7. *.db_create_file_dest='/oradata/rac'
8. *.db_domain=''
9. *.db_name='rac'
10. *.db_unique_name='rac_dg'
11. *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle/app'
12. *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racXDB)'
13. *.fal_server='rac'
14. *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(rac,rac_dg)'
15. *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oradata/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac_dg'
16. #*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=rac LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac OPTIONAL PROPEN=15 MAX_FAILURE=10 NET_TIMEOUT=30'
17. *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=rac LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=rac'
18. *.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
19. *.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/rac/onlinelog','/oradata/rac'
20. *.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/rac/datafile','/oradata/rac'
21. *.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
22. *.log_archive_max_processes=8
23. *.open_cursors=300
24. *.pga_aggregate_target=536870912
25. *.processes=150
26. *.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
27. *.standby_file_management='AUTO'
28. *.sga_target=2147483648
29. *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
2、创建相关目录路径
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1. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/app/admin/rac/adump
2. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /oradata/rac
3. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ mkdir -p /oradata/arch
3、创建监听器
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1. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ vi /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
2. LISTENER
3. DESCRIPTION_LIST
4. DESCRIPTION
5. ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racdg)(PORT = 1521)))
6. DESCRIPTION
7. ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
8. )
9. )
10. ADR_BASE_LISTENER
4、配置备库本地NET服务名（与主库一致）
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1. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ cat /u01/oracle/app/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
2. RAC
3. DESCRIPTION
4. ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.100)(PORT = 1521))
5. CONNECT_DATA
6. SERVER = DEDICATED)
7. SERVICE_NAME = rac)
8. )
9. )
10.
11. rac_dg
12. DESCRIPTION
13. ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.10)(PORT = 1521))
14. CONNECT_DATA
15. SERVER = DEDICATED)
16. SERVICE_NAME = rac_dg)
17. )
18. )
主库tnsping测试（确保监听打开）
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1. [oracle@rac1 tmp]$ tnsping rac_dg
2. TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-MAY-2017 00:37:30
3. Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4.
5. Used parameter files:
6. Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
7. Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.10)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = rac_dg)))
8. OK (0 msec)
备库tnsping测试（确保监听打开）
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1. [oracle@racdg dbs]$ tnsping rac
2. TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-MAY-2017 22:32:43
3. Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4. Used parameter files:
5. Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
6. Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.100)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = rac)))
7. OK (0 msec)
5、启动到mount状态
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1. SQL>
2. ORACLE instance started.
3.
4. Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
5. Fixed Size 2254952 bytes
6. Variable Size 553650072 bytes
7. Database Buffers 1577058304 bytes
8. Redo Buffers 4923392 bytes
9. Database mounted.
6、使用rman恢复备库
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1. [oracle@racdg ~]$ rman target /
2. Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 25 22:36:41 2017
3. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
4. connected to target database: RAC (DBID=2527273880, not open)
5. RMAN>
6. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
7. searching for all files that match the pattern /oradata/backup
8.
9. List of Files Unknown to the Database
10. =====================================
11. File Name: /oradata/backup/rac_20170525_11
12. File Name: /oradata/backup/rac_20170525_10
13. Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
14. cataloging files...
15. cataloging done
16. List of Cataloged Files
17. =======================
18. File Name: /oradata/backup/rac_20170525_11
19. File Name: /oradata/backup/rac_20170525_10
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1. RMAN>
2. 2>
3. 3>
4. 4>
5. 5>
6. 6>
7. 7>
8. 8>
9. 9>
10. 10>
11. 11>
12. 12>
13. 13>
14. 14>
15. 15>
16. 16>
17. 17>
18. 18>
19. 19>
20.
21. allocated channel: ch00
22. channel ch00: SID=148 device type=DISK
23.
24. allocated channel: ch01
25. channel ch01: SID=24 device type=DISK
26.
27. allocated channel: ch02
28. channel ch02: SID=149 device type=DISK
29.
30. allocated channel: ch03
31. channel ch03: SID=25 device type=DISK
32. executing command: SET NEWNAME
33. executing command: SET NEWNAME
34. executing command: SET NEWNAME
35. executing command: SET NEWNAME
36. executing command: SET NEWNAME
37. executing command: SET NEWNAME
38. executing command: SET NEWNAME
39. Starting restore at 25-MAY-17
40. channel ch00: starting datafile backup set restore
41. channel ch00: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
42. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00001 to /oradata/rac/system.dbf
43. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00002 to /oradata/rac/sysaux.dbf
44. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00003 to /oradata/rac/undotbs1.dbf
45. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00004 to /oradata/rac/users.dbf
46. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00005 to /oradata/rac/undotbs2.dbf
47. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00006 to /oradata/rac/test.dbf
48. channel ch00: restoring datafile 00007 to /oradata/rac/test01.dbf
49. channel ch00: reading from backup piece /oradata/backup/rac_20170525_10
50. channel ch00: piece handle=/oradata/backup/rac_20170525_10 tag=TAG20170525T211359
51. channel ch00: restored backup piece 1
52. channel ch00: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
53. Finished restore at 25-MAY-17
54.
55. datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
56. input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/system.dbf
57. datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
58. input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/sysaux.dbf
59. datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
60. input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/undotbs1.dbf
61. datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
62. input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/users.dbf
63. datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
64. input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/undotbs2.dbf
65. datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
66. input datafile copy RECID=15 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/test.dbf
67. datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
68. input datafile copy RECID=16 STAMP=944955143 file name=/oradata/rac/test01.dbf
69. released channel: ch00
70. released channel: ch01
71. released channel: ch02
72. released channel: ch03
7、standby开启日志应用
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1. SQL>
8、备库查询进程状态（注意RFS进程和MRP0进程）
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1. SQL>
2.
3. PROCESS CLIENT_P SEQUENCE# THREAD# STATUS
4. --------- -------- ---------- ---------- ------------
5. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
6. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
7. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
8. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
9. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
10. ARCH ARCH 140 1 CLOSING
11. ARCH ARCH 48 2 CLOSING
12. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
13. RFS ARCH 0 0 IDLE
14. RFS ARCH 0 0 IDLE
15. RFS LGWR 49 2 IDLE
16. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
17. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
18. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
19. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
20. RFS LGWR 141 1 IDLE
21. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
22. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
23. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
24. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
25. RFS UNKNOWN 0 0 IDLE
26. MRP0 N/A 141 1 APPLYING_LOG
27.
28. 22 rows selected.
9、主库查询进程状态（注意LNS进程）
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1. SQL>
2.
3. PROCESS CLIENT_P SEQUENCE# THREAD# STATUS
4. --------- -------- ---------- ---------- ------------
5. ARCH ARCH 139 1 CLOSING
6. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
7. ARCH ARCH 139 1 CLOSING
8. ARCH ARCH 0 0 CONNECTED
9. ARCH ARCH 140 1 CLOSING
10. ARCH ARCH 137 1 CLOSING
11. ARCH ARCH 136 1 CLOSING
12. ARCH ARCH 137 1 CLOSING
13. <span style="color:#cc0000;">LNS</span>
14.
15. 9 rows selected.
10、对比主备库日志序列号
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1. SQL>
2.
3. SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
4. ---------- --------- --------- ---------
5. 44 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
6. 45 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
7. 46 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
8. 47 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
9. 48 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
10. 49 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 IN-MEMORY
11. 136 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
12. 137 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
13. 138 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
14. 139 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
15. 140 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
16.
17. 11 rows selected.
11、主库手动切换日志
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- SQL>
备库查询日志序列号
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1. SQL>
2.
3. SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APPLIED
4. ---------- --------- --------- ---------
5. 44 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
6. 45 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
7. 46 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
8. 47 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
9. 48 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
10. 49 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
11. 136 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
12. 137 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
13. 138 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
14. 139 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
15. 140 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 YES
16. 141 25-MAY-17 25-MAY-17 IN-MEMORY
17.
18. 12 rows selected.
由此得知，standby已经实时应用日志了。
12、Data Guard切换到打开模式，首先需要停止日志应用
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1. SQL>
2.
3. Database altered.
4.
5. SQL>
6.
7. Database altered.
8.
9. SQL>
10.
11. Database altered.
13、测试操作
在主库新建一张表aa，从备库能实时查询
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1. SQL>
2.
3. Table created.
4.
5. 主备库查询数据一致：
6. SQL>
7.
8. COUNT(*)
9. ----------
10. 14
需要注意的是，数据库只读打开后，只可以进行查询并恢复PRIMARY数据库的日志，但是不能进行修改数据。
至此，rac+dg的搭建部署已经完成。
