openswan发送状态机分析
1. 函数调用关系
2. 函数说明
如果按用户空间、内核空间划分的话，此部分代码更多是运行在内核空间的。
2.1 ipsec_tunnel_init_devices()
该函数主要用来初始化网络设备信息。
int
ipsec_tunnel_init_devices(void)
{
int i;
int error;
/*打印调试信息*/
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_INIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_init_devices: "
"creating and registering IPSEC_NUM_IF=%u devices, allocating %lu per device, IFNAMSIZ=%u.\n",
IPSEC_NUM_IF,
(unsigned long) (sizeof(struct net_device) + IFNAMSIZ),
IFNAMSIZ);
/*依次创建接口信息*/
for(i = 0; i < IPSEC_NUM_IF; i++) {
error = ipsec_tunnel_createnum(i);
if(error) break;
}
return 0;
}2.2 ipsec_tunnel_createnum()
该函数主要的功能为：实现一个网络设备。 主要包含如下流程：
- 申请网络设备资源
- 绑定网络设备的操作方法集(驱动层的常见用法)
- 注册网络设备到内核
/*实现一个网络设备:申请资源、绑定操作方法集、注册网络设备*/
int
ipsec_tunnel_createnum(int ifnum)
{
char name[IFNAMSIZ];
struct net_device *dev_ipsec;
int vifentry;
/*不得超过最大接口数*/
if(ifnum >= IPSEC_NUM_IFMAX) {
return -ENOENT;
}
/*网络设备是否已经存在，如果存在则错误退出*/
if(ipsecdevices[ifnum]!=NULL) {
return -EEXIST;
}
/* no identical device *//*记录当前设备接口数*/
if(ifnum > ipsecdevices_max) {
ipsecdevices_max=ifnum;
}
vifentry = ifnum;
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_INIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_init_devices: "
"creating and registering IPSEC_NUM_IF=%u device\n",
ifnum);
sprintf(name, IPSEC_DEV_FORMAT, ifnum);
/*根据内核版本来获取网络设备结构体*/
#ifdef ALLOC_NETDEV4
dev_ipsec = alloc_netdev(sizeof(struct ipsecpriv),name,
NET_NAME_UNKNOWN,ipsec_tunnel_netdev_setup);
#elif defined(alloc_netdev)
dev_ipsec = alloc_netdev(sizeof(struct ipsecpriv), name, ipsec_tunnel_netdev_setup);
#else/*最低档次的版本，使用kmalloc分配空间*/
dev_ipsec = (struct net_device*)kmalloc(sizeof(struct net_device), GFP_KERNEL);
#endif
if (dev_ipsec == NULL) {
printk(KERN_ERR "klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_init_devices: "
"failed to allocate memory for device %s, quitting device init.\n",
name);
return -ENOMEM;
}
/*如果内核版本太低，则需要手动将申请的内存清空*/
#ifndef alloc_netdev
memset((caddr_t)dev_ipsec, 0, sizeof(struct net_device));
strncpy(dev_ipsec->name, name, sizeof(dev_ipsec->name));
#ifdef PAUL_FIXME
dev_ipsec->next = NULL;
#endif
#endif /* alloc_netdev */
/*由于我选用的内核是4.19.y, 因此USE_NETDEV_OPS是已经定义了，我们走else流程*/
/*用来绑定操作方法集*/
#ifndef USE_NETDEV_OPS
dev_ipsec->init = &ipsec_tunnel_probe;
#else
dev_ipsec->netdev_ops = &klips_device_ops;/*网络设备操作方法集*/
#endif
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_INIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_init_devices: "
"registering device %s\n",
dev_ipsec->name);
/* reference and hold the device reference */
ipsec_dev_hold(dev_ipsec);
ipsecdevices[vifentry]=dev_ipsec;
/*注册网络设备*/
if (register_netdev(dev_ipsec) != 0) {
KLIPS_PRINT(1 || debug_tunnel & DB_TN_INIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_init_devices: "
"registering device %s failed, quitting device init.\n",
dev_ipsec->name);
return -EIO;
} else {
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_INIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_init_devices: "
"registering device %s succeeded, continuing...\n",
dev_ipsec->name);
}
return 0;
}2.3 ipsec_tunnel_probe()
这个函数，如果再较高的内核版中(2.6.30以后)是在驱动安装加载过程中最先执行的（作为net_device_ops的回调函数执行的）。
主要功能：
完成网络设备的初始化。 实际上网络设备的初始化最主要的工作就是：实现若干个函数指针。这也是其他驱动设备、网络设备的都需要的操作。
int
ipsec_tunnel_probe(struct net_device *dev)
{
ipsec_tunnel_init(dev);//隧道初始化
return 0;
}
int
ipsec_tunnel_init(struct net_device *dev)
{
int i;
struct ipsecpriv *iprv;
... ...
#ifdef alloc_netdev
dev->destructor = free_netdev;
#endif
... ...
#ifdef HAVE_NETDEV_HEADER_OPS
dev->header_ops = NULL;
#else
dev->hard_header = NULL;
dev->rebuild_header = NULL;
dev->header_cache_update= NULL;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NET_DEVICE_OPS
dev->netdev_ops = &klips_device_ops; /**/
#else
dev->open = ipsec_tunnel_open;
dev->stop = ipsec_tunnel_close;
dev->hard_start_xmit = ipsec_tunnel_start_xmit;/*发送数据时的函数接口*/
dev->get_stats = ipsec_tunnel_get_stats;
#ifdef HAVE_SET_MAC_ADDR
dev->set_mac_address = NULL;
#endif
dev->do_ioctl = ipsec_tunnel_ioctl;
dev->neigh_setup = ipsec_tunnel_neigh_setup_dev;
#endif
dev->hard_header_len = 0;
dev->mtu = 0;
dev->addr_len = 0;
dev->type = ARPHRD_VOID; /* ARPHRD_TUNNEL; */ /* ARPHRD_ETHER; */
dev->tx_queue_len = 10; /* Small queue */
#ifdef IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE
dev->priv_flags &= ~IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE;
#endif
memset((caddr_t)(dev->broadcast),0xFF, ETH_ALEN); /* what if this is not attached to ethernet? */
/* New-style flags. */
dev->flags = IFF_NOARP /* 0 */ /* Petr Novak */;
/* We're done. Have I forgotten anything? */
return 0;
}这里可能有疑问：为什么只实现了发送函数指针，而没有接口函数指针。这是因为数据的接收采用的硬件中断的方式(最原始的时候)进行统一的接收处理，而不再单独实现。
以上为IPSec模块在驱动加载过程中的部分处理流程。它实现了一个操作方法集，其中就包括网络设备的方法函数hard_start_xmit, 接下来主要说明发送数据时的处理过程。
3.0 网络设备发送报文处理流程
3.1 ipsec_tunnel_start_xmit()
在2.3节已经知道，在申请网络设备时，会注册实现多个函数指针，其中一个便是dev->hard_start_xmit,这个函数指针是注册到驱动中的，经由该网口转发的报文都会调用到该函数指针。IPSec数据报文便是在这个函数中进行的封装。
/*
* This function assumes it is being called from dev_queue_xmit()
* and that skb is filled properly by that function.
*/
int
ipsec_tunnel_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
{
struct ipsec_xmit_state *ixs = NULL;
enum ipsec_xmit_value stat;
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_XMIT,
"\n\nipsec_tunnel_start_xmit: STARTING");
stat = IPSEC_XMIT_ERRMEMALLOC;
/*创建一个新的发送状态对象*/
ixs = ipsec_xmit_state_new(dev);
if(ixs == NULL)
return NETDEV_TX_BUSY;
ixs->dev = dev;
ixs->skb = skb;
/*网络设备正确性检查*/
stat = ipsec_xmit_sanity_check_ipsec_dev(ixs);
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
goto cleanup;
}
/*网络数据包(skb)的正确性检查:1.是否支持V6, 是否需要支持IP选项字段*/
stat = ipsec_xmit_sanity_check_skb(ixs);
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
goto cleanup;
}
/*检测并标识报文中是否包含二层头部*/
stat = ipsec_tunnel_strip_hard_header(ixs);
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
goto cleanup;
}
/*查询IPSec SA*/
stat = ipsec_tunnel_SAlookup(ixs);
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_XMIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_start_xmit: SAlookup failed: %d\n",
stat);
goto cleanup;
}
/*报文封装完毕后(ipsec_xsm状态机)，将报文发送出去*/
ixs->xsm_complete = ipsec_tunnel_xsm_complete;
ipsec_xsm(ixs);/*发送状态机*/
return 0;
cleanup:
ipsec_xmit_cleanup(ixs);
ipsec_xmit_state_delete(ixs);
return 0;
}3.2 ipsec_tunnel_xsm_complete()
void
ipsec_tunnel_xsm_complete(
struct ipsec_xmit_state *ixs,
enum ipsec_xmit_value stat)
{
unsigned char nexthdr;
int nexthdroff;
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
if(stat == IPSEC_XMIT_PASS) {
goto bypass;
}
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_XMIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_start_xmit: encap_bundle failed: %d\n",
stat);
goto cleanup;
}
... ...
{
nexthdr = osw_ip4_hdr(ixs)->protocol;
nexthdroff = 0;
if ((ntohs(osw_ip4_hdr(ixs)->frag_off) & IP_OFFSET) == 0)
nexthdroff = (ixs->iph + (osw_ip4_hdr(ixs)->ihl<<2)) -
(void *)ixs->skb->data;
ixs->matcher.sen_type = SENT_IP4;
ixs->matcher.sen_ip_src.s_addr = osw_ip4_hdr(ixs)->saddr;
ixs->matcher.sen_ip_dst.s_addr = osw_ip4_hdr(ixs)->daddr;
ixs->matcher.sen_proto = nexthdr;
}
/*提取封装后的端口信息*/
ipsec_extract_ports(ixs->skb, nexthdr, nexthdroff, &ixs->matcher);
spin_lock_bh(&eroute_lock);
/*重新查找eroute路由表*/
ixs->eroute = ipsec_findroute(&ixs->matcher);
if(ixs->eroute) {
ixs->outgoing_said = ixs->eroute->er_said;
ixs->eroute_pid = ixs->eroute->er_pid;
ixs->eroute->er_count++;
ixs->eroute->er_lasttime = jiffies/HZ;
}
spin_unlock_bh(&eroute_lock);
/*ipsec_xmit_init1中实现ixs->orgeds的初始化*/
if (/*((ixs->orgdst != ixs->newdst) || (ixs->orgsrc != ixs->newsrc))*/
ip_address_cmp(&ixs->orgedst, &ixs->outgoing_said.dst) != 0 &&
!ip_address_isany(&ixs->outgoing_said.dst) &&
ixs->eroute) {
KLIPS_PRINT(debug_tunnel & DB_TN_XMIT,
"klips_debug:ipsec_tunnel_start_xmit: "
"We are recursing here.\n");
ipsec_xsm(ixs);/*如果需要(再次匹配到其他的eroute)，再次进入状态机进行封装*/
return;
}
#ifdef NAT_TRAVERSAL
stat = ipsec_nat_encap(ixs);/*如果中间经过了NAT,需要NAT-T封装*/
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
goto cleanup;
}
#endif
stat = ipsec_tunnel_restore_hard_header(ixs);/*添加二层头*/
if(stat != IPSEC_XMIT_OK) {
goto cleanup;
}
bypass:
stat = ipsec_tunnel_send(ixs);/*发送报文*/
cleanup:
ipsec_xmit_cleanup(ixs);
ipsec_xmit_state_delete(ixs);
}
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