文章目录
准备工作
目前Oracle官方网站上放出了18.3版本的下载，今天测试一下18.3的RAC安装。
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle18c-linux-180000-5022980.html
硬件最低配置要求
序号
| 组件
| 内存
|
1
| Oracle Grid Infrastructure installations
| 8GB以上
|
2
| Oracle Database installations
| 最小1GB，建议2GB以上
|
RAC规划
服务器主机名
| rac1
| rac2
|
公共 IP 地址（enp0s3）
| 192.168.1.127
| 192.168.1.128
|
虚拟 IP 地址（enp0s3）
| 192.168.1.129
| 192.168.1.130
|
私有 IP 地址（enp0s8）
| 192.168.3.101
| 192.168.3.102
|
ORACLE RAC SID
| cndba1
| cndba2
|
集群实例名称
| cndba
| |
SCAN IP
| 192.168.1.131
| |
操作系统
| Red Hat 7.5
| |
Oracle 版本
| 18.3.0.1
| |
磁盘划分
仅仅为了安装测试。由于12C R2中对磁盘组空间要求更大。OCR外部冗余最少40G，NORMAL最少80G。
磁盘组名称
| 磁盘
| 大小
| 冗余策略
|
DATAFILE
| data01
| 50G
| NORMAL
|
DATAFILE
| data02
| 50G
| NORMAL
|
DATAFILE
| data03
| 50G
| NORMAL
|
OCR
| OCRVOTING01
| 30G
| NORMAL
|
OCR
| OCRVOTING02
| 30G
| NORMAL
|
OCR
| OCRVOTING03
| 30G
| NORMAL
|
配置host
添加用户和组
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmdba,asmoper,asmadmin,racdba grid
确认用户：
id oracle
id -a grid
passwd grid
passwd
禁用透明大页
默认是启用的，如下：
[root@rac1 bin]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always]
Redhat 6.*版本目录为：
/sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled
禁用Redhat 7.* 是/etc/default/grub，6.*是/etc/grub.conf
[root@rac1 bin]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
transparent_hugepage=never
关闭防火墙和selinux
防火墙：
rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'
rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'
SELINUX：
cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
禁用chronyd
# systemctl stop chronyd
# systemctl disable chronyd
配置时间同步
Redhat 7好像ntp服务默认不启用
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
rm
关闭avahi-daemon
[root@rac1 u01]# systemctl stop avahi-daemon
Warning: Stopping avahi-daemon.service, but it can still be activated by:
avahi-daemon.socket
[root@rac1 u01]# systemctl disable avahi-daemon
创建目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/18.3.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod
配置用户环境变量·
##3# ORACLE用户
cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
ORACLE_SID=lei1;export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=lei;export ORACLE_UNQNAME
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.3.0/db_1; exportORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DDHH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; exportNLS_LANG
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; exportTNS_ADMIN
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; exportORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask
GRID用户
cat /home/grid/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 ---另一个节点是ASM2
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.3.0/grid
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
export
修改/etc/security/limits.conf
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft memlock 3145728
oracle hard memlock 3145728
EOF
配置NOZEROCONF
vi /etc/sysconfig/network增加以下内容
NOZEROCONF=yes
修改内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =
安装必要的包
yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel ksh libgcc.i686 libstdc++-devel libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make
安装cvuqdisk
cvuqdisk存于oracle GI安装介质的cv/rpm目录下
export CVUQDISK_GRP=asmadmin
rpm –ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
配置共享磁盘
注意：UDEV有所变化
for i in b c d e f g;
do
echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\",ENV{DEVTYPE}==\"disk\",SUBSYSTEM==\"block\",PROGRAM==\"/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d \$devnode\",RESULT==\"`/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u /dev/sd$i`\", RUN+=\"/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdisk$i b \$major \$minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdisk$i; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdisk$i'\""
done
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBe3a660e4-28d16ab4", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskb b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskb; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskb'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB62905e08-62ff511e", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskc b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskc; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskc'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5a45a1b2-fe59c04a", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskd b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskd; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskd'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB29aa260e-de2995eb", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiske b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiske; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiske'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc57e0eb1-963167ae", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskf b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskf; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskf'"
KERNEL=="sd*",ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBaf08bf01-58ec0b63", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdiskg b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdiskg; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdiskg'"
将以上内容写入/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
如果权限没有变，尝试重启。
[root@rac1 rpm]# ll /dev/asm*
修改磁盘属性
为获得更好的磁盘性能，Oracle推荐使用Deadline I/O Scheduler，而默认是Completely Fair Queuing (CFQ)
编辑文件
# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-oracle-schedulers.rules
ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="sd[b-j]", ATTR{queue/rotational}=="0", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="deadline"
拷贝到节点2
加载配置
# udevadm control --reload-rules
检查是否已修改
[root@RAC1 software]# cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline]
安装GRID
下载地址：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle12c-linux-12201-3608234.html
上传解压介质
[grid@rac1 software]$ ll
total 5256120
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 5382265496 Jul 24 10:18 LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip
[grid@rac1 software]$unzip
–将其解压到Grid home目录下
注意：解压之后和之前所有区别，R2解压后的文件所在目录就是grid home。所以解压的时候，就要把文件解压到之前定的GRID_HOME下。在12c R2之前是安装的时候，软件会自动复制过去。
Starting with Oracle Database 18c, the Oracle Database software is available as an image file for download and installation. Extract the image software into the directory where you want your Oracle home to be located, and then run the runInstaller script to start the Oracle Database installation.
运行安装
注意：运行下面这个脚本，也有所不同
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ll gridSetup.sh
-rwxr-x--- 1 grid oinstall 5395 Jul 21 2016 gridSetup.sh
[grid@rac1 grid]$ pwd
[grid@rac1 grid]$ /u01/app/grid
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./gridSetup.sh
添加节点
配ssh
如果不为GIMR单独分配一个磁盘组，那么OCR磁盘组需要更大的空间。由于GIMR是一个单独的数据库，因此Oracle推荐使用专门的磁盘组来存储GIMR数据。
MGMT磁盘组最小的大小要求：NORMAL是56G，External是28G，High/Flex/Extended是84G。
如果MGMT和OCR使用同一个磁盘组：NORMAL是60G，External是30G，High/Flex/Extended是90G。
执行脚本
root.sh脚本最后：
CRS-6016: Resource auto-start has completed for server rac1
CRS-6024: Completed start of Oracle Cluster Ready Services-managed resources
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
2017/03/21 14:12:39 CLSRSC-343: Successfully started Oracle Clusterware stack
2017/03/21 14:12:39 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 18 of 19: 'ConfigNode'.
2017/03/21 14:16:10 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 19 of 19: 'PostConfig'.
2017/03/21 14:17:55 CLSRSC-325: Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded
表示成功了
验证集群是否正常
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details Local Resources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.OCR_VOTE.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@rac1 ~]$
ASMCA创建磁盘组
创建DATA磁盘组用于存储数据文件。
选择冗余级别，磁盘组名称，AU和磁盘。可选Failgroup名称，磁盘名称。
安装DB
这个安装方式有所变化，和安装Grid一样，直接解压到Oracle Home下即可，然后安装
unzip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip
./runInstaller
这里先安装Oracle DB软件
选择安装rac集群数据库
配置oracle用户的SSH互信，输入oracle用户密码点击“Setup”建立SSH互信。
输入Oracle Base目录，在所有节点上目录要一样并且oracle有读写权限
根据实际需要可以细分用户权限，都用dba权限即可。
安装前提检查，根据实际情况来处理。如果要忽略提示信息继续安装，则选择“Ingore All”
对以上的检查项进行说明：
- 物理内存警告，需要内存大于8G。
- Swap大小警告，需要和内存一样。如果内存大于16G，Swap16G即可。
- resolv.conf用于配置DNS
- RedHat 7.*会自动挂载/dev/shm，不需要再/etc/fstab文件中配置了
- 不使用操作系统的NTP来进行时间同步。
- 在/etc/hosts中正确配置scan即可
在所有节点上以root用户执行脚本来完成安装
例如：
[root@RAC1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file
DBCA创建数据库
选择高级安装，可以进行更详尽的配置
选择RAC数据库以及管理方式：Admin Managed和Policy Managed。
选择在所有节点上安装数据库
根据需要填写SID，Global db name以及是CDB还是Non-CDB和PDB个数，名称等。
注：从18c开始，Non-CDB架构已经被废弃。
选择合适的磁盘组用于存储数据库的数据文件及相关日志。是否启用OMG，建议启用。
选择磁盘组
配置快速恢复区目录，大小，是否启用归档等。
配置内存大小，管理模式，进程数量，字符集，连接模式，是否安装示例数据。
注：对于主机内存大于4G时，无法使用AMM(自动内存管理)，可以在安装后再使用AMM。
所以对于大于4G内存的主机，可以先选择ASMM，也建议使用ASMM即可。
进程数量从12c开始默认值：300，但是还是不够的，1000起步。
验证
查看RAC集群状态
[grid@RAC1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.OCR_MGMT.GHCHKPT.advm
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.OCR_MGMT.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.chad
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.helper
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 IDLE,STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ocr_mgmt.ghchkpt.acfs
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 169.254.30.172 192.1
68.3.102,STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cndba.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/18.3.0
/db_1,STABLE
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown,ST
ABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Open,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.rhpserver
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
查看数据库状态及版本
[oracle@RAC1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Jul 31 15:48:58 2018
Version 18.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.3.0.0.0
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------------------------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> show parameter compatible
NAME TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
compatible string
18.0.0
noncdb_compatible boolean
FALSE
