Appium是一款开源的跨平台测试自动化工具，适用于本地，混合和移动网络和桌面应用程序。支持模拟器（iOS、Android）和真实设备（iOS，Android，Windows，Mac）。

准备工具

  • Xcode
  • PyCharm
  • Command Line Tool
  • HomeBrew 、Node 、npm ...

1.安装Homebrew

Homebrew 是MACOSX的软件管理工具,粗俗点说就是ma界的qq软件助手之类的东西。所以通过brew,安装什么chrome浏览器啊、atom编辑器之类的可视化工具也是可以的。



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/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

2.安装Node

  • 1.使用Homebrew下载: 复制代码 brew install node
  • 2.或者从官方地址下载.pkg文件安装

3.安装npm

npm 是node.js界的程序/模块管理工具,也就是说npm只管理那些服务于JavaScript社区的程序。而且跨平台,只要有node环境,windows和osx,以及其他unix like操作系统都可以使用。如不需要命令行启动Appium可跳过此步骤。

  • 切换淘宝镜像安装cnpm(由于某种原因,直接用npm下载安装会有好多网络问题，安装淘宝的cnpm要比npm好用): 复制代码 npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

4.安装carthage

类似cocoapods管理第三方代码，自动将工程编译为动态库，仅支持iOS8以上。



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brew install carthage

5.安装其他工具

  • libimobiledevice 使用指南 复制代码 brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD
  • ideviceinstaller 负责给iOS设备安装卸载应用或者备份应用。该工具是基于libmobiledevice的,因此首先要完成libmobiledevice的编译安装 复制代码 brew install ideviceinstaller ideviceinstaller不支持iOS10。所以我们还需要安装ios-deploy,ios-deploy是一个使用命令行安装iosapp到连接的设备的工具,原理是根据osx命令行工程调用系统底层函数,获取连接的设备、查询/安装/卸载app。 复制代码 cnpm install -g ios-deploy
  • xcpretty 用于对xcodebuild的输出进行格式化,可以不安装 复制代码 sudo gem install xcpretty
  • App Inspector 是运行在浏览器端的移动设备 UI 查看器，使用树状态结构查看 UI 布局，并且能自动生成 XPath，方便脚本的编写和生成。查看AppInspector用法 复制代码 cnpm install app-inspector -g

6.下载Appium-Python-Client

  • 先安装 pip 复制代码 sudo easy_install pip
  • 再安装 Appium-Python-Client 复制代码 sudo pip install Appium-Python-Client

7.下载appium和appium-doctor

这里有两种安装appium的方式,一种是利用cnpm下载安装:



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cnpm install -g appium



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cnpm install -g appium-doctor

推荐! 还可以选择下载Appium-desktop安装包,打开Appium-desktop的dmg包，复制Appium.app到Applications文件夹中，即完成安装。

8.配置appium-xcuitest-driver

appium-xcuitest-driver其中引用Facebook提供的WDA方案来驱动iOS的测试



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// !如果WebDriverAgent 所在路径和此不同，请自行查找 cd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent // 如果是安装appium-desktop的话,路径为 cd /Applications/Appium.app/Contents/Resources/app/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent



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mkdir -p Resources/WebDriverAgent.bundle



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sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh

该脚本会使用Carthage下载所有的依赖，使用npm打包响应的js文件。

常见报错:Cannot find module ‘eslint-config-appium 加上参数-d即可:



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sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh -d

运行成功截图如下:

python_io_自动化测试

 

重点来了!!!

如果怎么样都无法成功,请从github上拉取一份最新的wda代码!



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git clone https://github.com/facebook/WebDriverAgent.git cd 到WebDriverAgent sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh

运行成功后,把这一份代码替换到/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent下就OK了。一定要先运行成功,再替换!

参考链接:
Appium 1.6.5 and ios 10.3.3 真机测试WebDriverAgent 天坑记iOS 真机如何安装 WebDriverAgent

9.运行appium-doctor,查看结果



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appium-doctor info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3 info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ### info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node info AppiumDoctor ✔ Node version is 8.9.4 info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed. info AppiumDoctor ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled. info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly. info AppiumDoctor ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage info AppiumDoctor ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ ANDROID_HOME is NOT set! WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ JAVA_HOME is NOT set! WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ adb could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set! WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ android could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set! WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ emulator could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set! WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ Bin directory for $JAVA_HOME is not set info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, 6 fixes needed. ### info AppiumDoctor info AppiumDoctor ### Manual Fixes Needed ### info AppiumDoctor The configuration cannot be automatically fixed, please do the following first: WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME. WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure JAVA_HOME. WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME and run appium-doctor again. WARN AppiumDoctor - Add '$JAVA_HOME/bin' to your PATH environment info AppiumDoctor ### info AppiumDoctor info AppiumDoctor Bye! Run appium-doctor again when all manual fixes have been applied! info AppiumDoctor

10.配置Android_HOME、JAVA_HOME

下载Android SDK Manager推荐链接, 下载成功后，打开终端，输入cd到Android SDK的tools目录所在路径(从下载可见tools目录,将tools目录直接拖入到cd后面即可自动补全路径)

再输入命令./android sdk，弹出SDK Manager,如下图:

python_io_软件测试_02

 



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vi ~/.bash_profile

添加HOME路径:



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export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home) export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export CLASS_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib export ANDROID_HOME=/usr/local/android-sdk-macosx

执行sources命令:



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source ~/.bash_profile

再次运行appium-doctor查看结果,此时:



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info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3 info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ### info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node info AppiumDoctor ✔ Node version is 8.9.4 info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed. info AppiumDoctor ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled. info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly. info AppiumDoctor ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage info AppiumDoctor ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin info AppiumDoctor ✔ ANDROID_HOME is set to: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx info AppiumDoctor ✔ JAVA_HOME is set to: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_112.jdk/Contents/Home info AppiumDoctor ✔ adb exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/adb info AppiumDoctor ✔ android exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/android info AppiumDoctor ✔ emulator exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/emulator info AppiumDoctor ✔ Bin directory of $JAVA_HOME is set info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, no fix needed. ### info AppiumDoctor info AppiumDoctor Everything looks good, bye! info AppiumDoctor

如果还没有生效的话,进入终端的偏好设置:

python_io_测试工具_03

 

修改shell的打开方式为 /bin/bash 安装zsh的童鞋自行修改为zshell的路径~

11.编译WDA

WDA是appium自动化测试的核心。

配置正确的BundleId和证书,编译WebDriverAgentLib、WebDriverAgentRunner

cmd+U运行测试,或者



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cd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination 'id=真机的udid' test 开始测试

常见问题1:

python_io_测试工具_04

 

解决方法: 在通用-描述文件与设备管理中信任刚才配置的开发者!重复刚才的命令就OK了~

常见问题2:



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Connection peer refused channel request for "dtxproxy:XCTestDriverInterface:XCTestManager_IDEInterface"; channel canceled Failed to run tests: The operation couldn’t be completed. (DTXProxyChannel error 1.)  解决方法: 重新插拔一下USB线

当出现如下:

python_io_JAVA_05

 

在浏览器访问 ServerURL/status 地址,如果没有出现listening on USB 如下图:

python_io_自动化测试_06

 

打开终端窗口,输入iproxy 8100 8100 ,此时在MAC Safari中访问http://localhost:8100/status 确认WDA是否运行成功。如图:

python_io_测试工具_07

 

inspector的地址是http://localhost:8100/inspector, inspector是用来查看UI的图层,方便写测试脚本用的。

python_io_自动化测试_08

 

这里的inspector是wda自带的,Appium-desktop桌面版的inspector功能更加丰富,还可以录制脚本,搭建环境更省时间,建议大家使用桌面版。

至此,Appium环境搭建就基本完成了。


python_io_自动化测试_09