- 什么是difflib? 用来做什么? difflib为python的标准库模块,无需安装。 作用时对比文本之间的差异。 并且支持输出可读性比较强的HTML文档,与Linux下的diff 命令相似。 在版本控制方面非常有用。
- 符号理解 符号 含义 '-' 包含在第一个系列行中,但不包含第二个。 '+' 包含在第二个系列行中,但不包含第一个。 ' ' 两个系列行一致 '?' 存在增量差异 '^' 存在差异字符
import difflib
text1 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
2. Explicit is better than implicit.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complex is better than complicated.
'''.splitlines(keepends=False)
print(text1) 将多行文本按行分隔,返回一个列表,不保留行尾换行符
text2 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
3. Simple is better than complex.
4. Complicated is better than complex.
5. Flat is better than nested.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)
print(text2) # 将多行文本按行分隔,返回一个列表,保留行尾换行符
""" splitlines()按照行分割 返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表 参数: keepends=True 保留换行符 keepends=False 不包含换行符 """ #实现linux里面类似diff命令的功能 #d = difflib.Differ() #print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2)))) d = difflib.HtmlDiff() htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2) #print(htmlContent) with open('diff.html','w') as f: f.write(htmlContent)
linux文件之间的对比
首先将文件内容读取出来,然后按照上述方法进行处理即可:
import difflib
filename1 = '/tmp/passwd' filename2 = '/tmp/passwd1' with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2: content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True) content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True) d = difflib.HtmlDiff() htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2) with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f: f.write(htmlContent)