查询数据库所有表名称：select name from sysobjects where xtype='u' order by name

查询数据库所有存储过程名称：select [name] from sys.objects where type = 'p'

方法一、sp_columns table1

方法二、sp_help table1

方法三、前面2种方法方法有许多不足之处，其主要缺点是： 
　　1) 只能对单表进行操作，当需要查询一个数据库中所有的表时，需要多次执行SP_COLUMNS ，因此显得非常繁琐。
　　2) 查询结果集中包含了许多不必要的信息。

SELECT
SO.name 表名,
SC.name 表列名,
SC.colid 索引,
ST.name 类型
FROM
sysobjects SO, -- 对象表
syscolumns SC, -- 列名表
systypes ST -- 数据类型表
WHERE
SO.id = SC.id
AND SO.xtype = 'U' -- 类型U表示表，V表示视图
AND SO.status >= 0 -- status >= 0 为非系统对象
AND SC.xtype = ST.xusertype
AND SO.name = 'table1' -- 某张特定表
ORDER BY
SO.name, SC.colorder -- 按表名、列名排序

方法四、可查询出字段说明

--获取SqlServer中表结构 主键，及描述
declare @table_name as varchar(max)
set @table_name = '你的表名' 
select sys.columns.name, sys.types.name, sys.columns.max_length, sys.columns.is_nullable, 
(select count(*) from sys.identity_columns where sys.identity_columns.object_id = sys.columns.object_id and sys.columns.column_id = sys.identity_columns.column_id) as is_identity ,
(select value from sys.extended_properties where sys.extended_properties.major_id = sys.columns.object_id and sys.extended_properties.minor_id = sys.columns.column_id) as description
from sys.columns, sys.tables, sys.types where sys.columns.object_id = sys.tables.object_id and sys.columns.system_type_id=sys.types.system_type_id and sys.tables.name=@table_name order by sys.columns.column_id

 

附：

1、单独查询表的递增字段

--单独查询表递增字段

select [name] from syscolumns where 
id=object_id(N'你的表名') and COLUMNPROPERTY(id,name,'IsIdentity')=1

2、获取表的主外键

--获取表主外键约束
exec sp_helpconstraint   '你的表名' 

 方法五、

CREATE  PROCEDURE _TableDescDragon
AS
BEGINSELECT  
TableName=CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN O.name ELSE N'' END,
TableDesc=ISNULL(CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN PTB.[value] END,N''),
Column_id=C.column_id,
ColumnName=C.name,
PrimaryKey=ISNULL(IDX.PrimaryKey,N''),
[IDENTITY]=CASE WHEN C.is_identity=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Computed=CASE WHEN C.is_computed=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
Type=T.name,
Length=C.max_length,
Precision=C.precision,
Scale=C.scale,
NullAble=CASE WHEN C.is_nullable=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
[Default]=ISNULL(D.definition,N''),
ColumnDesc=ISNULL(PFD.[value],N''),
IndexName=ISNULL(IDX.IndexName,N''),
IndexSort=ISNULL(IDX.Sort,N''),
Create_Date=O.Create_Date,
Modify_Date=O.Modify_date
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.objects O
ON C.[object_id]=O.[object_id]
AND O.type='U'
AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
INNER JOIN sys.types T
ON C.user_type_id=T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints D
ON C.[object_id]=D.parent_object_id
AND C.column_id=D.parent_column_id
AND C.default_object_id=D.[object_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PFD
ON PFD.class=1  
AND C.[object_id]=PFD.major_id  
AND C.column_id=PFD.minor_id
-- AND PFD.name='Caption' -- 字段说明对应的描述名称(一个字段可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PTB
ON PTB.class=1  
AND PTB.minor_id=0  
AND C.[object_id]=PTB.major_id
-- AND PFD.name='Caption' -- 表说明对应的描述名称(一个表可以添加多个不同name的描述)   LEFT JOIN -- 索引及主键信息
(
SELECT  
IDXC.[object_id],
IDXC.column_id,
Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC' WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC' ELSE '' END,
PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
IndexName=IDX.Name
FROM sys.indexes IDX
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN -- 对于一个列包含多个索引的情况,只显示第1个索引信息
(
SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
FROM sys.index_columns
GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
) IDXCUQ
ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id
AND IDXC.index_id=IDXCUQ.index_id
) IDX
ON C.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
AND C.column_id=IDX.column_id  -- WHERE O.name=N'要查询的表' -- 如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY O.name,C.column_id  
 
END