首先,公众号的准备工作(以测试号为主)
1.先得到公众号的appid和appsecret和token(此程序可有可无)
2.然后得到一个推送的用户oppenid
3.消息推送模板准备,点击新增测试模板
我的模板信息(可直接CV)
标题:交易提醒 内容:尊敬的{{User.DATA}} {{k1.DATA}} 您的尾号{{CardNumber.DATA}} 的建设银行储蓄卡最新交易信息 交易时间:{{Date.DATA}} 交易类型:{{Type.DATA}} 交易金额:{{Money.DATA}} {{k2.DATA}} 截止至{{DeadTime.DATA}},您在建设银行储蓄卡账户可用余额为{{Left.DATA}}元
4.微信开发平台又提供推送消息的 文档 ,我们只需要POST请求下面的接口就行了
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
后台JAVA程序
1.获取access_token
因为调用上面一个接口,需要获取access_token
1.1创建一个access_token的实体类
package com.example.demo.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
/*
*AccessToken 对象
*/
public class AccessToken implements Serializable {
//获取到的凭证
private String accessToken;
//凭证有效时间,单位:秒
private int expiresin;
public String getAccessToken() {
return accessToken;
}
public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
this.accessToken = accessToken;
}
public int getExpiresin() {
return expiresin;
}
public void setExpiresin(int expiresin) {
this.expiresin = expiresin;
}
}
1.2因为需要在程序中发送http请求,添加一个http请求的工具类
package com.example.demo.utils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.MyX509TrustManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
public class WX_HttpsUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_HttpsUtil.class);
/**
* 发送https请求
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建SSLContext对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
log.error("连接超时:{}", ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("https请求异常:{}", e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
}
1.3获取access_token
package com.example.demo.utils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.AccessToken;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class WX_TokenUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TokenUtil.class);
/**
* 获得微信 AccessToken
* access_token是公众号的全局唯一接口调用凭据,公众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token。
* 开发者需要access_token的有效期目前为2个小时,需定时刷新,重复获取将导致上次获取
* 的access_token失效。
* (此处我是把token存在Redis里面了)
*/
public static AccessToken getWXToken() {
String tokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+ GlobalConfiguration.APPID+"&secret="+ GlobalConfiguration.APPSECRET;
JSONObject jsonObject = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tokenUrl, "GET", null);
System.out.println("jsonObject:"+jsonObject);
AccessToken access_token = new AccessToken();
if (null != jsonObject) {
try {
access_token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
access_token.setExpiresin(jsonObject.getInteger("expires_in"));
} catch (JSONException e) {
access_token = null;
// 获取token失败
log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
}
}
return access_token;
}
}
2.推送消息给指定的用户
package com.example.demo.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.TemplateData;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_HttpsUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_TemplateMsgUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_TokenUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_UserUtil;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import sun.reflect.generics.tree.VoidDescriptor;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/weChat")
public class TestWX {
/*public static void main(String[] args) {
//新增用户成功 - 推送微信消息
senMsg("oTQdNwz-gUeDfLgAQSiRhLZzj1O4");
}*/
@RequestMapping("/sendMessage")
@ResponseBody
public String sendMessage(){
senMsg("oTQdNwz-gUeDfLgAQSiRhLZzj1O4");
return "success";
}
static void senMsg(String openId){
//用户是否订阅该公众号标识 (0代表此用户没有关注该公众号 1表示关注了该公众号)
Integer state= WX_UserUtil.subscribeState(openId);
System.out.println("state:"+state);
// 绑定了微信并且关注了服务号的用户 , 注册成功-推送注册短信
if(state==1){
Map<String, TemplateData> param = new HashMap<>();
param.put("User",new TemplateData("杨先生","#173177"));
param.put("Date",new TemplateData("07月18日 19时24分","#173177"));
param.put("CardNumber",new TemplateData("0426","#173177"));
param.put("Type",new TemplateData("兰州拉面","#173177"));
param.put("Money",new TemplateData("人民币5,000,000.00元","#173177"));
param.put("DeadTime",new TemplateData("06月08日19时24分","#173177"));
param.put("Left",new TemplateData("31872134.09","#173177"));
JSON.toJSONString(param);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(JSON.toJSONString(param));
//调用发送微信消息给用户的接口
WX_TemplateMsgUtil.sendWechatMsgToUser(openId,"lsCnZkSUOIeB4q8ZuHRli3onuciVZPS0GvCh2i06TB4", "http://www.baidu.com",
"#FFFFFF", jsonObject);
//获取公众号的自动回复规则
String urlinfo="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/get_current_autoreply_info?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
JSONObject joinfo = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(urlinfo, "GET", null);
Object o=joinfo.get("is_add_friend_reply_open");
// System.out.println("o:"+joinfo);
String getTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wx395cb56f846049fc&secret=b8285bb7fb16553fd11feafb52c332f7";
JSONObject Token = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(getTokenUrl, "GET", null);
//System.out.println("Token:"+Token);
}
}
}
package com.example.demo.entity;
/**
* 模板详细信息
* 根据需求自己更改
*/
public class TemplateData {
private String value;
private String color;
public TemplateData(String value,String color){
this.value = value;
this.color = color;
}
public TemplateData(){
}
public String getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
}
package com.example.demo.entity;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 注册成功,通知模板消息实体类
*/
public class TemplateMessage {
private String touser; //用户OpenID
private String template_id; //模板消息ID
private String url; //URL置空,在发送后,点模板消息进入一个空白页面(ios),或无法点击(android)。
private String topcolor; //标题颜色
private Map<String, TemplateData> templateData; //模板详细信息
public static TemplateMessage New() {
return new TemplateMessage();
}
public TemplateMessage(){
}
public String getTouser() {
return touser;
}
public void setTouser(String touser) {
this.touser = touser;
}
public String getTemplate_id() {
return template_id;
}
public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {
this.template_id = template_id;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getTopcolor() {
return topcolor;
}
public void setTopcolor(String topcolor) {
this.topcolor = topcolor;
}
public Map<String, TemplateData> getTemplateData() {
return templateData;
}
public void setTemplateData(Map<String, TemplateData> templateData) {
this.templateData = templateData;
}
}
package com.example.demo.entity;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
/**
* 微信请求 - 信任管理器
*/
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager{
public MyX509TrustManager() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
// return new X509Certificate[0];
return null;
}
}
package com.example.demo.utils;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 全局公众号配置信息
*/
public class GlobalConfiguration implements Serializable {
public static final String APPID = "wx395cb56f846049fc";
public static final String APPSECRET = "b8285bb7fb16553fd11feafb52c332f7";
public static final String TOKEN = "boteWeChat";
}
package com.example.demo.utils;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* 请求校验工具类
* @author m
*
*/
public class SignUtil {
// 与接口配置信息中的Token要一致
private static String token = "boteWeChat";
/**
* 验证签名
*
* @param signature
* @param timestamp
* @param nonce
* @return
*/
public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
String[] arr = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce };
// 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
Arrays.sort(arr);
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
content.append(arr[i]);
}
MessageDigest md = null;
String tmpStr = null;
try {
md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
// 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes());
tmpStr = byteToStr(digest);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
content = null;
// 将sha1加密后的字符串可与signature对比,标识该请求来源于微信
return tmpStr != null ? tmpStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()) : false;
}
/**
* 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串
*
* @param byteArray
* @return
*/
private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArray) {
String strDigest = "";
for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
strDigest += byteToHexStr(byteArray[i]);
}
return strDigest;
}
/**
* 将字节转换为十六进制字符串
*
* @param mByte
* @return
*/
private static String byteToHexStr(byte mByte) {
char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
char[] tempArr = new char[2];
tempArr[0] = Digit[(mByte >>> 4) & 0X0F];
tempArr[1] = Digit[mByte & 0X0F];
String s = new String(tempArr);
return s;
}
}
package com.example.demo.utils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.TemplateData;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Map;
public class WX_TemplateMsgUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TemplateMsgUtil.class);
/**
* 封装模板详细信息
* @return
*/
public static JSONObject packJsonmsg(Map<String, TemplateData> param) {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
for (Map.Entry<String,TemplateData> entry : param.entrySet()) {
JSONObject keyJson = new JSONObject();
TemplateData dta= entry.getValue();
keyJson.put("value",dta.getValue());
keyJson.put("color", dta.getColor());
json.put(entry.getKey(), keyJson);
}
return json;
}
/**
* 根据模板的编号 新增并获取模板ID
* @param templateSerialNumber 模板库中模板的 "编号"
* @return 模板ID
*/
public static String getWXTemplateMsgId(String templateSerialNumber){
String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/api_add_template?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("template_id_short", templateSerialNumber);
JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
log.info("获取模板编号返回信息:" + errmsg);
if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){
return "error";
}
String templateId = (String) resultJson.get("template_id");
return templateId;
}
/**
* 根据模板ID 删除模板消息
* @param templateId 模板ID
* @return
*/
public static String deleteWXTemplateMsgById(String templateId){
String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/del_private_template?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("template_id", templateId);
try{
JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
log.info("删除"+templateId+"模板消息,返回CODE:"+ resultJson.get("errcode"));
String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){
return "error";
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "success";
}
/**
* 发送微信消息(模板消息)
* @param touser 用户 OpenID
* @param templatId 模板消息ID
* @param clickurl URL置空,则在发送后,点击模板消息会进入一个空白页面(ios),或无法点击(android)。
* @param topcolor 标题颜色
* @param data 详细内容
* @return
*/
public static String sendWechatMsgToUser(String touser, String templatId, String clickurl, String topcolor, JSONObject data) {
String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("touser", touser);
json.put("template_id", templatId);
json.put("url", clickurl);
json.put("topcolor", topcolor);
json.put("data", data);
try{
JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
log.info("发送微信消息返回信息:" + resultJson.get("errcode"));
String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){ //如果为errmsg为ok,则代表发送成功,公众号推送信息给用户了。
return "error";
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return "error";
}
return "success";
}
}
package com.example.demo.utils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
public class WX_UserUtil {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_UserUtil.class);
/**
* 根据微信openId 获取用户是否订阅
* @param openId 微信openId
* @return 是否订阅该公众号标识
*/
public static Integer subscribeState(String openId){
String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token="+WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken() +"&openid="+ openId;
JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "GET",null);
JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
if(errmsg==null){
//用户是否订阅该公众号标识(0代表此用户没有关注该公众号 1表示关注了该公众号)。
Integer subscribe = (Integer) resultJson.get("subscribe");
return subscribe;
}
return -1;
}
}
package com.example.demo.utils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class WxServlet extends HttpServlet{
public WxServlet() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
*/
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 微信加密签名
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
// 时间戳
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
// 随机数
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
// 随机字符串
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// 通过检验signature对请求进行校验,若校验成功则原样返回echostr,表示接入成功,否则接入失败
if (SignUtil.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
out.print(echostr);
}
out.close();
out = null;
}
/* (non-Javadoc)
* @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
*/
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
最后我们启动项目,访问localhost:8080/weChat/sendMessage即可给用户发送消息
效果图:
记录成长!