一.拓扑图

   

GNS3 IOS routers 和 IOU Devices 的区别 gns3配置ospf_redis

 

 

 

 

 

本次试验规划:拓扑分4个区域,其中区域2采用帧中继实现区域内互通的前提下配置OSPF、ospfv3.R7与R8之间配置rip实现互通,区域1作为nssa区域,实现路由注入.最终实现全局互通。


二.ospf 配置

(1)ipv4地址规划

 

R1

 

F0/0

10.21.10.1/24

F0/1

10.21.20.1/24

R2

F0/0

10.21.10.2/24

F1/0

10.21.30.2/24

R3

S4/2

10.21.40.3/24

F0/0

10.21.10.3/24

R5

S4/0

10.21.40.2/24

R6

S4/1

10.21.40.1/24

R7

F1/0

10.21.30.1/24

F0/1

10.21.20.2/24

F0/0

10.21.50.2/24

R8

F0/0

10.21.50.1/24

 

 

R1

Looback0

10.21.1.1/24

R2

Looback0

10.21.2.1/24

R3

Looback0

10.21.3.1/24

R4

Looback0

10.21.4.1/24

R5

Looback0

10.21.5.1/24

R6

Looback0

10.21.6.1/24

R7

Looback0

10.21.7.1/24

R8

Looback0

10.21.8.1/24

 

 

 

(2) 配置步骤

1:配置路由器各端口地址以及个路由器的环回接口地址

2:区域二采用帧中继连接,R4作为帧中继交换机

R4#configure terminal
R4(config)#frame-relay switching
R4(config)#interface serial 4/0
R4(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)#no arp frame-relay //关闭动态dicl
R4(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type cisco   //定义信令类型
R4(config-if)# frame-relay intf-type dce    //定义设备类型
R4(config-if)# frame-relay route 201 interface Serial4/1 101   //配置帧中继路由表
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 202 interface Serial4/2 402
R4(config-if)#exit
 
R4(config)#interface serial 4/1
R4(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type cisco   //定义信令类型
R4(config-if)# frame-relay intf-type dce    //定义设备类型
R4(config-if)# frame-relay route 101 interface Serial4/0 201   //配置帧中继路由表
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface Serial4/2 401
R4(config-if)#exit
 
R4(config)#interface serial 4/2
R4(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type cisco   //定义信令类型
R4(config-if)# frame-relay intf-type dce    //定义设备类型
R4(config-if)# frame-relay route 401 interface Serial4/1 102   //配置帧中继路由表
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 402 interface Serial4/2 202
R4(config-if)#exit
 
R5 R6配置静态dlci
R5#configure terminal
R5(config)interface Serial4/0
R5(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R5(config-if)#no arp frame-relay //关闭动态dicl
R5(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 10.29.40.1 201 broadcast
R5(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 10.29.40.3 202 broadcast
R5(config-if)#exit
 
R6#configure terminal
R6(config)#interface Serial4/1
R6(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R6(config-if)#no arp frame-relay //关闭动态dicl
R6(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 10.29.40.3 102 broadcast
R6(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 10.29.40.2 101 broadcast
R6(config-if)#exit

 

测试连通性:

R5#ping 10.29.40.3

 

 

3:配置ospf

R2配置以R1为例:

R1#conf terminal
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#area 1 nssa                //定义区域1为nssa区域
R1(config-router)#network 10.21.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 // 宣告直连网段
R1(config-router)# network 10.21.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)# network 10.21.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R1(config-router)#exit

 

4:区域2基于帧中继配置Ospf

R5参照R6配置

R6#configure terminal
R6(config)#router ospf 1
R6(config-router)#router-id 6.6.6.6
 
R6(config-router)# network 10.29.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R6(config-router)#exit
R6(config)interface Serial4/1
R6(config-if)# ip ospf priority 0 //设置端口优先级为0,不参于选举。
R6(config-if)# exit
 
R3#conf terminal
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)# router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#network 10.21.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0  //宣告直连网段
R3(config-router)#network 10.21.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 10.21.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R3(config-router)#neighbor 10.21.40.2    //手动配置R5,R6为邻居
R3(config-router)# neighbor 10.21.40.1
R3(config-router)# area 0 range 10.21.0.0 255.255.0.0 //配置路由汇总
R3(config-router)#exit

 

查看邻居状态

R3#show ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
1.1.1.1           1   FULL/DROTHER    00:00:39    10.21.10.1      FastEthernet0/0
2.2.2.2           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:32    10.21.10.2      FastEthernet0/0
5.5.5.5           0   FULL/DROTHER    00:01:44    10.21.40.2      Serial4/2
6.6.6.6           0   FULL/DROTHER    00:01:46    10.21.40.1      Serial4/2

 

5:配置rip 并重发布到ospf中

R7#configure terminal
R7(config)router ospf 1
R7(config-router)#router-id 7.7.7.7
R7(config-router)#area 1 nssa
R7(config-router)# network 10.21.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 1  //宣告直连网段
R7(config-router)# network 10.21.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R7(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 25 subnets  //将RIP重发布到ospf中
R7(config-router)#exit
R7(config)#router rip
R7(config-router)#version 2
R7(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
R7(config-router)#no auto-summary
R7(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 4 //将ospf重发布到Rip中

 

 

测试连通性:R8 ping R6 R5

 

GNS3 IOS routers 和 IOU Devices 的区别 gns3配置ospf_OSPF_02

 

 

R5 ping R1

 

GNS3 IOS routers 和 IOU Devices 的区别 gns3配置ospf_redis_03

 

 

 

至此,ospf配置成功,接下来在此配置下配置ospfv3

 




三.OSPFV3配置

(1)ipv6地址规划

R1

 

F0/0

2001:db8:21:3::1/64

F0/1

2001:db8:21:4::1/64

R2

F0/0

2001:db8:21:3::2/64

F1/0

2001:db8:21:5::1/64

R3

S4/2

2001:db8:21:1::3/64

F0/0

2001:db8:21:3::3/64

R5

S4/0

2001:db8:21:1::1/64

R6

S4/1

2001:db8:21:1::2/64

R7

F1/0

2001:db8:21:5::2/64

F0/1

2001:db8:21:4::2/64

F0/0

2001:db8:21:2::2/64

R8

F0/0

2001:db8:21:2::1/64

 

 

R1

Looback0

2001:cf:21:9::1/64

R1

Looback0

2001:cf:21:1::1/64

R2

Looback0

2001:cf:21:2::1/64

R3

Looback0

2001:cf:21:3::1/64

R4

Looback0

2001:cf:21:4::1/64

R5

Looback0

2001:cf:21:5::1/64

R6

Looback0

2001:cf:216::1/64

R7

Looback0

2001:cf:21:7::1/64

R8

Looback0

2001:cf:21:8::1/64


 

 

 

 

(2)配置步骤

1:配置路由器各端口地址以及个路由器的环回接口地址

 

2:区域二采用帧中继连接,R4作为帧中继交换机,配置与之前相同

 

3:帧中继路由R3,R5,R6静态配置dlci

R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R3(config)#interface Serial4/2
R3(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 2001:DB8:21:1::1 402 broadcast
R3(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 2001:DB8:21:1::2 401 broadcast  
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::CE01:1EFF:FE28:0 401 broadcast  //此映射是为ospfv3铺垫              
R3(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::CE02:EFF:FE60:0 402 broadcast  
R3(config-if)#exit
 
R5#configure terminal
R5(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R5(config)interface Serial4/0
R5(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 2001:DB8:21:1::3 202 broadcast
R5(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 2001:DB8:21:1::2 201 broadcast
R5(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::CE01:1EFF:FE28:0 201 broadcast
R5(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0 202 broadcast
R5(config-if)#exit
 
R6#configure terminal
R6(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R6(config)interface Serial4/1
R6(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 2001:DB8:21:1::3 102 broadcast
R6(config-if)# frame-relay map ipv6 2001:DB8:21:1::1 101 broadcast
R6(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0 102 broadcast
R6(config-if)#frame-relay map ipv6 FE80::CE02:EFF:FE60:0 101 broadcast
R6(config-if)#exit

 

测试连通性:

R6 ping R3
R6#ping 2001:db8:29:1::3

GNS3 IOS routers 和 IOU Devices 的区别 gns3配置ospf_OSPF_04

 

 

 

R6 ping R3 链路本地地址

 

GNS3 IOS routers 和 IOU Devices 的区别 gns3配置ospf_redis_05

 

4:帧中继环境下配置ospf

R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R3(config-rtr)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //配置路由id
R3(config-rtr)# area 0 range 2001:DB8::/32 //配置路由汇总
R3(config-rtr)# exit
R3(config)#interface Serial4/2
R3(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
R3(config-if)# ipv6 enable
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf neighbor FE80::CE02:EFF:FE60:0 priority 1  //手动配置邻居,优先级为零,此地址为R5 R6 的链路本地地址
R3(config-if)# ipv6 ospf neighbor FE80::CE01:1EFF:FE28:0  priority 1
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

 

R6配置参考下面R5配置

 

R5#configure terminal
R5(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R5(config-rtr)#router-id 5.5.5.5 //配置路由id
R5(config-rtr)# exit
R5(config)#interface Serial4/2
R5(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
R5(config-if)# ipv6 enable
R5(config-if)#exit

 

5:配置其他区域的OSPFV3

R2参考R1配置

R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R1(config-rtr)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-rtr)#area 1 nssa 定义区域1为nssa区域
R1(config-rtr)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 enable
R1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ipv6 enable
R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 1
R1(config-if)#exit

 

 

 

6配置路由重发布

R7#configure terminal
R7(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R7(config)#ipv6 router rip ys
R7(config-rtr)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 4 //将ospfv3重发布到RIP中,定义最大条数为4
R7(config-rtr)# redistribute connected
R7(config-rtr)#exit
R7(config)#ipv6 router ospf 1
R7(config-rtr)# router-id 7.7.7.7
R7(config-rtr)#area 1 nssa
R7(config-rtr)# redistribute rip ys  //将rip重发布到ospfv3中
R7(config-rtr)# redistribute connected  //由于重分布 RIPng,不能把连接 R8 的接口网段重分布进入OSPFv3,因此重分布直连,把连接 R8 的网段重分布到 OSPFv3
R7(config-rtr)# exit

 

测试连通性

R8 ping R3

 

GNS3 IOS routers 和 IOU Devices 的区别 gns3配置ospf_redis_06

 

查看路由汇总后R6的路由

R6#show ipv6 route ospf
IPv6 Routing Table - 13 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
       U - Per-user Static route, M - MIPv6
       I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
       O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
       ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
OI  2001:CF:29:1::1/128 [110/65]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OI  2001:CF:21:2::1/128 [110/65]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OI  2001:CF:21:7::1/128 [110/66]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OE2  2001:CF:21:9::/64 [110/20]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OI  2001:DB8::/32 [110/65]       //区域0经过汇总后的路由表
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OE2  2001:DB8:21:2::/64 [110/20]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OI  2001:DB8:21:4::/64 [110/66]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1
OI  2001:DB8:21:5::/64 [110/66]
     via FE80::CE04:19FF:FE18:0, Serial4/1

 

查看R5的邻居:

R5#show ipv6 ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Interface ID    Interface
6.6.6.6           1   FULL/BDR        00:01:40    10              Serial4/0
3.3.3.3           1   FULL/DR         00:01:57    11              Serial4/0

 

 

 

四.实验总结:

此次实验的目的是了解两个版本的ospf与其所相关的知识点,通过本次实验,我了解到了ospf与ospfv3原理上的差别,ospfv3比ospf配置更加便捷,其通过路由器的链路本地地址建立邻居,所以配置中开启了帧中继的部分要设置关于链路本地地址的静态dicl映射,还要是该部分的区域间路由作为DR,否则邻居即使建立成功也无法多路发送”hello”包。本次实验我获益匪浅,遇到的问题就是帧中继部分的ospf建立,通过查阅资料解决了问题。对这两个协议的理解更加深刻了。在实验当中应当做好数据输入规划避免造成接口错误。