本系列是通过学习AlexTan这位博主的文章搭建一个图书管理系统,顺便再学习一下java这门语言。大二水了一学期java课,完全是菜鸡,所以注释很多自己的理解。

本篇是解决代码过于臃肿问题,把项目构建成MVC模式。

一、项目目录

用java写一个图书类book java创建图书类_java


二、创建Operator.java类,将MainClass的增删改查方法放到此类中。代码如下:

package control;
 
import model.Book;
import model.BookList;
 
public class Operator {
	
	//添加图书
	public boolean addBook(String bookname, String author, float price)
	{
		Book book = new Book(bookname,author,price);
		if (BookList.booklist.add(book))
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
			return false;
	}
	
	//删除图书
	public boolean deleteBook(int id)
	{
		if(BookList.booklist.remove(id) != null)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
			return false;
	}
	
	//修改图书
	public boolean changeBoo(int id,String bookname, String author, float price)
	{
		Book book = (Book) BookList.booklist.get(id);
		if(book.setBook(bookname,author,price))
			return true;
		else
			return false;
	}
	
	//查找图书
	public void findBoo(int id)
	{
		Book book = (Book)BookList.booklist.get(id);
		System.out.println("查找成功,您查找到的书为第"+(id+1)+"本书!"+"书名为:"+book.getBookname()+" 作者:"+book.getAuthor()+" 单价:"+book.getPrice()+"元/本");
	}
	
	//将顺序转化为对应的id
	public int orderFind(int number)
	{
		//System.out.println(number);
		if(number <= BookList.booklist.size())
		{
			int id = number - 1;
			return id;
		}
		else
			return -1;
	}
	
	//将书名转化为对应的id
	public int nameFind(String name)
	{
		int id = -1;
		for(int i = 0; i < BookList.booklist.size(); i++)
		{
			Book book = (Book)BookList.booklist.get(i);
			if(book.getBookname().equals(name))
			{
				id = i;
				break;
			}
			else if(i<BookList.booklist.size())
				continue;
			else
			{
				System.out.println("未查找到您想要的书名");
				break;
			}
		}
		return id;
	}
	
	//打印所有图书
	public void printAllBook()
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < BookList.booklist.size(); i++)
		{
			Book book = (Book)BookList.booklist.get(i);
			System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"本书名:"+book.getBookname()+" 作者:"+book.getAuthor()+" 单价:"+book.getPrice()+"元/本");
		}
	}
}

三、修改Book.jave类

package model;

//创建一book类
public class Book {
	private String bookname;  //三个成员变量,定义图书有三种属性
	private String author;   //用private修饰,指定该变量只能自己类的方法访问,其他任何类(包括子类)的方法都不能访问
	private float price;
	
	//构造方法
	public Book(String bookname, String author, float price)
	{
		this.bookname = bookname;
		this.author = author;
		this.price = price;
	}
	
	//获取各个字段的值
	public String getBookname() {
		return bookname;
	}
	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public float getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	
	//重置各个字段的值
	public boolean setBook(String bookname, String author, float price) {
		try {
			this.bookname = bookname;
			this.author = author;
			this.price = price;
			return true;
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return false;
		}			
	} 
}

四、BookList.java类

package model;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class BookList{
	public static ArrayList booklist = new ArrayList();
 
}

这个类原本作者是要将load()方法放进来,但是没有成功,所以就没什么东西。

五、修改io.java

package tool;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
 
import model.Book;
import model.BookList;
import ui.MainClass;
 
public class IO {
	
	public void load()//读取文件
	{
		try {
			String filename = "D:/eclipse/Library_manager/book.txt";  //这个根据个人设置
			File file = new File(filename);  //初始化一个文件类型的实例
			//FileReader类是从InputStreamReader类继承而来,按字符读取流中数据
			BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); 
			String temp;
			while((temp = reader.readLine()) != null)
			{
				String bookname = temp.split(",")[0];  //读取文本文件里的内容,使用split()函数按“,”分块
				String author = temp.split(",")[1];
				String pricestr = temp.split(",")[2];
				float price = Float.parseFloat(pricestr); //parseFloat()解析一个字符串并返回一个float类型的值,还有parseInt()等
				Book book = new Book(bookname,author,price);
				BookList.booklist.add(book); //用ArrayList类加载图书
			}
			reader.close();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public void save()//写入文件
	{
		String fileName = "D:/eclipse/Library_manager/book.txt";
		String allbook="";
		for(int i = 0; i < BookList.booklist.size(); i++)
		{
			Book book = (Book)BookList.booklist.get(i);
			String temp = book.getBookname() + "," + book.getAuthor() + "," + book.getPrice() + "\r\n";
			//一本书占一行,以String的格式存入文本文件
			allbook += temp;
		}
		try {
			File file1 = new File(fileName);
			//创建文件
			FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file1);
			//向文件中写入内容
			fileWriter.write(allbook);
			fileWriter.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}		
	} 
}

六、修改MainClass.java

package ui;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
 
import model.Book;
import tool.IO;
import control.Operator;
import model.BookList;

public class MainClass {
	/*
	public static final int SIZE = 10;  //最大可存储图书的数量
	//public指定该变量为公共,static指定变量被所有对象共享,即所有实例都可以使用该变量
	//final为最终修饰符,指定此变量的值不能变
	Book[] booklist = new Book[SIZE]; //初始化Book类型的实例
	int count = 0;  //当前图书数量

	
	public ArrayList booklist = new ArrayList();
	public int count=0;
	*/
	
	public MainClass()
	{
		
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); //Java的控制台输入由System.in完成,获取用户输入
		IO io = new IO();
		io.load();
		
		printMenu();  //调用打印菜单的方法
		
		while(true)
		{
			//读取用户输入
			int choice = scan.nextInt();  //获取一个int型输入
			
			if(choice == 5)
			{
				io.save();
				System.out.println("成功退出系统,欢迎再次光临!");
				break;
			}
			switch(choice)//switch形式
			{
			case 1: addBook(); break;
			case 2: deleteBoo(); break;
			case 3: changeBoo(); break;
			case 4: findBoo(); break;
			default: System.out.println("输入非法"); printMenu(); continue;//这个continue 是continue的while,
			}
		}
	}
	void printMenu()
	{
		//打印菜单
		System.out.println("欢迎...");
		System.out.println("增加图书...1");
		System.out.println("删除图书...2");
		System.out.println("修改图书...3");
		System.out.println("查询图书...4");
		System.out.println("退出系统...5");	
	}
	
	void addBook()//增加图书
	{
		System.out.println("当前共有:"+BookList.booklist.size()+"本书!");
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("请输入图书名:");
		String bookname = scan.next();
		System.out.println("请输入作者:");
		String author = scan.next();
		System.out.println("请输入单价:");
		float price = scan.nextFloat();
		Operator operator = new Operator();
		boolean isSuccess = operator.addBook(bookname, author, price);
		if(isSuccess)
		{
			System.out.println("增加成功!");
		}
		else
		{
			System.out.println("增加失败!");
		}
		operator.printAllBook();
	}
	
	void deleteBoo()//删除图书
	{
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		while(true)
		{
			System.out.println("请输入按哪种方法删除图书:1、序号/2、书名/3、返回主菜单");
			int choose = scan.nextInt();
			if(choose == 1)
			{
				System.out.println("请输入要删除第几本书:");
				int id = scan.nextInt();
				Operator operator = new Operator();
				id = operator.orderFind(id);  //调用Operator类中的方法,将要删除的第几本书转换为此书对应id
				//System.out.println(id);
				if(id > -1)
				{
					/*
					for(int i = id; i < count - 1 ; i++)
						booklist[i]=booklist[i+1];
					*/
					boolean isSuccess = operator.deleteBook(id);  //调用删除方法,根据提供的id删除对应的图书
					if(isSuccess)
						System.out.println("删除成功!");
					else
						System.out.println("删除失败!");
					operator.printAllBook();
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.println("输入错误!");
				}
			}
			else if(choose == 2)
			{
				System.out.println("请输入您要删除的书名:");
				String name = scan.next();
				Operator operator = new Operator();
				int id = operator.nameFind(name);
				if(id > -1)
				{
					/*
					for(int j = id; j<count-1; j++)
					{
						booklist[j]=booklist[j+1];
					}
					*/
					boolean isSuccess = operator.deleteBook(id);
					if(isSuccess)
						System.out.println("删除成功!");
					else
						System.out.println("删除失败!");
					operator.printAllBook();
				}
				else
				{
						System.out.println("未查找到您想要的书名");
				}	
			}
			else if(choose == 3)
			{
				printMenu();
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				System.out.println("输入非法!");
			}
		}
			
	}
	
	void changeBoo() //修改图书,提供两种修改方式
	{
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		while(true)
		{
			System.out.println("请输入按哪种方法修改图书:1、序号/2、书名/3、返回主菜单");
			int choose = scan.nextInt();
			if(choose == 1)
			{
				System.out.println("请输入要修改第几本书:");
				int number = scan.nextInt();
				Operator operator = new Operator();
				int id = operator.orderFind(number);  //将要修改的第几本书转换为此书对应的id,通过id来查找到这本书,然后进行修改
				if(id > -1)
				{
					Book book = (Book)BookList.booklist.get(id);   //通过id获得这本书
					//System.out.println("原书名为:"+booklist[id].getBookname()+" 请输入你要修改为什么书名:");
					System.out.println("原书名为:"+book.getBookname()+" 请输入你要修改为什么书名:");
					String str = scan.next();
					System.out.println("请输入作者:");
					String author = scan.next();
					System.out.println("请输入单价:");
					float price = scan.nextFloat();
					//booklist[id].setBook(str,author,price);
					boolean isSuccess = operator.changeBoo(id,str,author,price);  //调用changeBoo()方法进行修改
					if(isSuccess)
						System.out.println("修改成功!");
					else
						System.out.println("修改失败!");
					operator.printAllBook();
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.println("输入错误!");
				}
			}
			else if(choose == 2)
			{
				System.out.println("请输入您要修改的书名:");
				String name = scan.next();
				Operator operator = new Operator();
				int id = operator.nameFind(name);
				if(id > -1)
				{
					Book book = (Book)BookList.booklist.get(id);
					//System.out.println("原书名为:"+booklist[id].getBookname()+" 请输入你要修改为什么书名:");
					System.out.println("原书名为:"+book.getBookname()+" 请输入你要修改为什么书名:");
					String str = scan.next();
					System.out.println("请输入作者:");
					String author = scan.next();
					System.out.println("请输入单价:");
					float price = scan.nextFloat();
					//booklist[id].setBook(str,author,price);
					boolean isSuccess = operator.changeBoo(id,str,author,price);
					if(isSuccess)
						System.out.println("修改成功!");
					else
						System.out.println("修改失败!");
					operator.printAllBook();
				}
			}
			else if(choose == 3)
			{
				printMenu();
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				System.out.println("输入非法!");

			}
		}
	}
	
	void findBoo()
	{
		Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
		Operator operator = new Operator();
		while(true)
		{
			System.out.println("请输入按哪种方法查找图书:1、序号/2、书名/3、返回主菜单");
			int choose = scan.nextInt();
			if(choose == 1)
			{
				System.out.println("请输入要查找第几本书:");
				int number = scan.nextInt();
				int id = operator.orderFind(number);
				if(id > -1)
				{
					operator.findBoo(id);   //通过id查找对应的图书
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.println("输入错误!");
				}
			}
			else if(choose == 2)
			{
				System.out.println("请输入您要查找的书名:");
				String name = scan.next();
				int id = operator.nameFind(name);
				if(id > -1)
				{
					operator.findBoo(id);
				}
			}
			else if(choose == 3)
			{
				printMenu();
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				System.out.println("输入非法!");
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new MainClass();
	}
}

MVC模式更改完成。
整个项目的逻辑是:
ui即视图(V):MainClass.java既作为入口函数,又作为面向用户的视图,提供了各种操作选择
control即控制器(C):Operator.java提供了增加图书、删除图书、修改图书、查找图书、打印所有图书、将书名,书号转换为对应的id等方法,供MainClass.java来调用
model即模型(M):Book.java建立一个图书模型,用来处理数据逻辑部分,模型部分负责在数据库中存取数据,目前项目中还没用到数据库存储,只是先存在文本文件里,然而现实中的系统单靠文本文件来存储数据肯定是不够的。