20.31 expect脚本同步文件
将某台机器上的文件拷贝到本机指定目录：
[root@hyc-01 ~]# vim 4.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "hyc940421"
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.31.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
使用rsync工具以root登录192.168.31.129，拷贝/tmp/下的12.txt到本机的/tmp/目录
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
若无expect eof则rsync还未来得及传输文件就被退出终端
[root@hyc-01 ~]# chmod a+x 4.expect
[root@hyc-01 ~]# ./4.expect
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.31.129:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
root@192.168.31.129's password:
receiving incremental file list
12.txt
sent 49 bytes received 104 bytes 102.00 bytes/sec
total size is 13 speedup is 0.08
[root@hyc-01 ~]# cat /tmp/12.txt
123456 22222
20.32 expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件
[root@hyc-01 ~]# vim 4.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "hyc940421"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
set timeout 5
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@hyc-01 ~]# ./4.expect root 192.168.31.129 "vmstat 1 10"
spawn ssh root@192.168.31.129
root@192.168.31.129's password:
Last login: Thu Oct 4 11:11:58 2018 from 192.168.31.128
[root@hyc-01-01 ~]# vmstat 1 10
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
3 0 0 561720 2076 640364 0 0 2 53 120 150 0 0 99 0 0
0 0 0 561720 2076 640404 0 0 0 11 162 192 1 0 98 1 0
1 0 0 561720 2076 640404 0 0 0 15 144 180 0 1 99 0 0
1 0 0 561720 2076 640404 0 0 0 6 115 151 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 561720 2076 640404 0 0 0 450 140 167 0 2 97 1 0
1不设置
set timeout -1
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
则会马上退出终端
2 设置
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
则执行vmstat 1 20时会停留10s然后退出终端
3 设置
set timeout -1
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
则会一直执行vmstat 1 20直到执行结束并且会一直留在当前终端
4 设置
set timeout -1
expect eof
则会一直执行vmstat 1 20直到执行结束并会一直留在当前终端
5 只设置
set timeout -1
则仍会立刻退出当前终端
set timeout后跟的数字为正数则表示会在终端停留指定时长；
为负数表示（-1）会永久停留在当前终端；
指定host和要同步的文件：
[root@hyc-01 ~]# vim 1.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "hyc940421"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof
[root@hyc-01 ~]# ./1.expect 192.168.31.129 /tmp/21.txt
spawn rsync -av /tmp/21.txt root@192.168.31.129:/tmp/21.txt
root@192.168.31.129's password:
sending incremental file list
21.txt
sent 104 bytes received 35 bytes 278.00 bytes/sec
total size is 13 speedup is 0.09
[root@hyc-01-01 tmp]# ls 21.txt
21.txt
20.33 构建文件分发系统
需求：
需要自动同步多个文件到多台机器
思路：
有一台模板机器，准备好要分发的文件，使用expect脚本批量将需要同步的文件分发到目标机器
核心命令：
rsync -av --files-from=list.txt $file $user@$host:$file
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# vim rsync.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "hyc940421"
设置密码为hyc940421
set host [lindex $argv 0]
设置将第一个参数赋给变量host
set file [lindex $argv 1]
将第二个参数赋给变量file，该参数为一个文件的内容，内容为要同步的文件的绝对路径；
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=$file / root@$host:/
这里同步的源目录和目标目录为根；
若无法保证所有目标机器都存在指定的绝对路径，则需要加R参数，此时若被同步机器不存在文件的绝对路径则会自动创建该路径（创建级联目录）；
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
所有被同步文件的绝对路径：
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# vim file.list
/root/root.txt
/tmp/21.txt
所有被同步机器的ip：
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# vim ip.list
192.168.31.129
127.0.0.1
此时要保证所有被同步机器使用相同的密码；
如果密码不同，则需要编辑专门的密码文件，若该文件泄露则对机器很不安全；
可以使用密钥认证，此时不需要输入密码；.
创建rsync.sh用于遍历ip地址：
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# vim rsync.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /usr/local/sbin/ip.list`
do
./rsync.expect $ip /usr/local/sbin/file.list
done
执行：
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# chmod a+x rsync.expect
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# chmod a+x rsync.sh
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# sh -x rsync.sh
++ cat /usr/local/sbin/ip.list
+ for ip in '`cat /usr/local/sbin/ip.list`'
+ ./rsync.expect 192.168.31.129 /usr/local/sbin/file.list
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/usr/local/sbin/file.list / root@192.168.31.129:/
root@192.168.31.129's password:
building file list ... done
root/
tmp/
sent 125 bytes received 22 bytes 294.00 bytes/sec
total size is 26 speedup is 0.18
+ for ip in '`cat /usr/local/sbin/ip.list`'
+ ./rsync.expect 127.0.0.1 /usr/local/sbin/file.list
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/usr/local/sbin/file.list / root@127.0.0.1:/
root@127.0.0.1's password:
building file list ... done
sent 119 bytes received 12 bytes 87.33 bytes/sec
total size is 26 speedup is 0.20
[root@hyc-01 sbin]#
20.34 批量远程执行命令
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# vim exe.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "hyc940421"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@hyc-01 sbin]# vim exe.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /usr/local/sbin/ip.list`
do
./exe.expect $ip "hostname"
Done
执行：
[root@hyc-01 piliangzhixing]# chmod a+x exe.sh
[root@hyc-01 piliangzhixing]# chmod a+x exe.expect
[root@hyc-01 piliangzhixing]# sh exe.sh
spawn ssh root@192.168.31.129
root@192.168.31.129's password:
Last failed login: Thu Oct 4 21:05:10 CST 2018 from 192.168.31.128 on ssh:notty
There were 7 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu Oct 4 18:23:24 2018 from 192.168.31.1
[root@hyc-01-01 ~]# hostname
hyc-01-01
[root@hyc-01-01 ~]# spawn ssh root@127.0.0.1
root@127.0.0.1's password:
Last failed login: Thu Oct 4 21:06:15 CST 2018 from localhost on ssh:notty
There were 5 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
Last login: Thu Oct 4 18:23:39 2018 from 192.168.31.1
[root@hyc-01 ~]# hostname
hyc-01
[root@hyc-01 ~]#
[root@hyc-01 piliangzhixing]#
