我们在做数据分析,清洗的过程中,很多时候会面对各种各样的数据源,要针对不同的数据源进行清洗,入库的工作。当然python这个语言,我比较喜欢,开发效率高,基本上怎么写都能运行,而且安装配置简单,基本上有网的环境pip install全部都搞定,没网的话,把whl包copy过来一行命令也就解决了
本篇博客就针对,在windows平台下使用python3(python2社区将要停止支持,使用3是大势所趋),读取xls,xlsx格式的数据进行清洗入库做一个小例子。
初步业务流程
整个业务的流程十分简单:两个大的步骤
1. 读取xlsx数据进行清洗
2. cx_Oracle批量入库
建表语句:
create table temp_table
(
importtime varchar2(128),
carrier varchar2(32),
);
select * from temp_table
一个例子脚本:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import xlrd
import datetime
import cx_Oracle
import time
from itertools import islice
import os
os.environ['NLS_LANG']='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK'
LineName = ['1号线','2号线']
StationName = []
########################链接数据库相关######################################
def getConnOracle(username,password,ip,service_name):
try:
conn = cx_Oracle.connect(username+'/'+password+'@'+ip+'/'+service_name) # 连接数据库
return conn
except Exception:
print(Exception)
#######################进行数据批量插入#######################
def insertOracle(conn,data,input_file_name):
sheetnumber = getSheetNumber(data)
cursor = conn.cursor()
try:
for x in range(0,sheetnumber):
templist = excel_table_byindex(input_file_name,0,x)
cursor.prepare('insert into temp_table(importtime ,carrier) values(:1,:2)')
# 使用cursor进行各种操作,templist数值需要和表temp_table对应
cursor.executemany(None,templist)
conn.commit()
except cx_Oracle.DatabaseError as msg:
print(msg)
finally:
cursor.close()
conn.close()
###########################打开excel文件########################
def openXLS(path):
try:
data = xlrd.open_workbook(path)
return data
except Exception:
print(Exception)
def getSheetNumber(data):
sheet_num = len(data.sheets())
return sheet_num
#######################一些数据清洗工作########################
def getlineName(str):
for x in LineName:
if x in str:
return x
def getStationName(str):
for x in StationName:
if x in str:
return x
##########将excel中除去表头的一个sheet读出来,返回一个list#############
def excel_table_byindex(path,colnameindex = 0,by_index = 0):
today = time.strftime('%Y%m%d', time.localtime(time.time()))
data = openXLS(path)
table = data.sheets()[by_index]
nrows = table.nrows
ncols = table.ncols
colnames = table.row_values(colnameindex)
list = []
for rownum in range(1,nrows):
row = table.row_values(rownum)
temp_lineName = getlineName(row[6])
temp_stationName = getStationName(row[6])
if row:
app = [today, str(row[1]), str(row[2]),temp_stationName,temp_lineName]
# for i in range(len(colnames)):
# app[colnames[i]] = row[i]
list.append(app)
return list
###################一个可以从文件第二行开始读的办法#############
def getAllStationName(path):
StationName_file = open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8')
#count = len(StationName_file.readlines())
for line in islice(StationName_file,1,None):
str_temp = line.strip('\n')
if str_temp not in LineName and str_temp !='----'and str_temp!='':
StationName.append(str_temp)
####################################################################
def getStationNamefromexcel(path):
data = openXLS(path)
table = data.sheets()[0]
nrows = table.nrows
ncols = table.ncols
colnames = table.row_values(0)
list = []
for rownum in range(0,nrows):
row = table.row_values(rownum)[0]
if row:
list.append(row)
return list
#################################################################
def main():
username = 'xx'
password = 'xx'
ip = '192.168.1.1'
service_name = 'iop'
#获取数据库链接
conn = getConnOracle(username,password,ip,service_name)
input_file_name = (r"E:\code\python\findS\subwayBase\xx.xlsx")
#output_file_name = input("Enter the output file name:")
getAllStationName(r"E:\code\python\findS\subwayBase\站点.txt")
begin = datetime.datetime.now()
insertOracle(conn,openXLS(input_file_name),input_file_name)
# x.fetchone()
# c.close() # 关闭cursor
# conn.close() # 关闭连接
end = datetime.datetime.now()
print((end - begin).seconds)
if __name__ =='__main__':
main()
python3 windows下使用cx_Oracle操作oracle的报错问题
报错信息如下:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:/code/python/findS/findSubwayBase.py", line 134, in <module>
main()
File "E:/code/python/findS/findSubwayBase.py", line 124, in main
insertOracle(conn,openXLS(input_file_name),input_file_name)
File "E:/code/python/findS/findSubwayBase.py", line 32, in insertOracle
cursor.executemany(None,templist)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 1-6: ordinal not in range(128)
Process finished with exit code 1
在使用python3 的cx_Oracle操作oracle数据时候,不可避免的会遇到中文的编码问题,当然,上网一搜全是python2的,解决方案是:
#在开头加上
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )
python3中的解决方案为:加上核心代码
import os
os.environ['NLS_LANG']='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK'
就ok啦,其实就是设置一下客户端编码
xlrd 操作excel
demo代码:
#获取一个工作表
table = data.sheets()[0] #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_index(0) #通过索引顺序获取
table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')#通过名称获取
#获取整行和整列的值(数组)
table.row_values(i)
table.col_values(i)
#获取行数和列数
nrows = table.nrows
ncols = table.ncols
#循环行列表数据
for i in range(nrows ):
print table.row_values(i)
#单元格
cell_A1 = table.cell(0,0).value
cell_C4 = table.cell(2,3).value
#使用行列索引
cell_A1 = table.row(0)[0].value
cell_A2 = table.col(1)[0].value
#简单的写入
row = 0
col = 0
# 类型 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
ctype = 1 value = '单元格的值'
xf = 0 # 扩展的格式化
table.put_cell(row, col, ctype, value, xf)
table.cell(0,0) #单元格的值'
table.cell(0,0).value #单元格的值'