python json指定编码 python json format

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小鱼儿 2023-05-26 20:32:59

文章标签 python json ci Test 文章分类 Python 后端开发

文章目录

前言
一、python对象转化成json字符串？

1.引入库
2.转化

二、json字符串的格式化

1.使用json.dumps(obj,indent=n)方法
2.示例
3.结果展示

总结

前言

在学习用requests库进行接口测试时遇到了一个问题----怎么将响应获取到的（json格式）内容以我们想要的格式输出呢？

提示：本篇文章以python语言结合requests库实现

一、python对象转化成json字符串？

1.引入库

import json

2.转化

1.使用json.dumps(obj,indent=n)方法

# obj为需要进行转化的pyhton对象
json.dumps(obj)

二、json字符串的格式化

1.使用json.dumps(obj,indent=n)方法

查看源码：

def dumps(obj, *, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True,
        allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None,
        default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw):
    """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``.

    If ``skipkeys`` is true then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types
    (``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped
    instead of raising a ``TypeError``.

    If ``ensure_ascii`` is false, then the return value can contain non-ASCII
    characters if they appear in strings contained in ``obj``. Otherwise, all
    such characters are escaped in JSON strings.

    If ``check_circular`` is false, then the circular reference check
    for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will
    result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse).

    If ``allow_nan`` is false, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to
    serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in
    strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the
    JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``).

    If ``indent`` is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and
    object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent
    level of 0 will only insert newlines. ``None`` is the most compact
    representation.

    If specified, ``separators`` should be an ``(item_separator, key_separator)``
    tuple.  The default is ``(', ', ': ')`` if *indent* is ``None`` and
    ``(',', ': ')`` otherwise.  To get the most compact JSON representation,
    you should specify ``(',', ':')`` to eliminate whitespace.

    ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version
    of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError.

    If *sort_keys* is true (default: ``False``), then the output of
    dictionaries will be sorted by key.

    To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the
    ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with
    the ``cls`` kwarg; otherwise ``JSONEncoder`` is used.

    """

这里我们主要关注indent参数，indent表示缩进，indent=2表示我们想要缩进的值为2（源码里面默认是无缩进的）

2.示例

代码如下（示例）：

import requests
import json

# 请求地址
url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/departments/"
# 相应内容
response = requests.get(url)
# 返回响应的json编码内容
res = response.json()  # 注意：当确定返回内容为json格式时再使用response.json()方法
print(res)
print(type(res))  # 字典类型
# 对返回值进行格式化输出（使用json库实现）
# json.loads() # 将json字符串转化成pyhton对象
# 将python对象转化成json字符串,indent表缩进
result = json.dumps(res, indent=2,ensure_ascii=False)
print(result)
print(type(result))  # <class 'str'>

示例中，ensure_ascii=False表示非ascii字符编码不做转化；
ensure_ascii默认值为True，设置为False是为了让响应内容中的中文以原中文形式输出（不做编码转换）

3.结果展示

{'count': 20, 'next': None, 'previous': None, 'results': [{'dep_id': 'T02', 'dep_name': 'Java_2学院', 'master_name': 'Java-Master', 'slogan': 'java'}, {'dep_id': 'T03', 'dep_name': 'C++/学院', 'master_name': 'C++-Master', 'slogan': 'ljx_put_test'}, {'dep_id': 'T04', 'dep_name': 'C++/学院', 'master_name': 'C++-Master', 'slogan': 'Here is Slogan'}, {'dep_id': 'T01', 'dep_name': 'Test学院', 'master_name': 'Test-Master', 'slogan': 'Here is Slogan'}, {'dep_id': '10', 'dep_name': '超神_10', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_10', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '11', 'dep_name': '超神_11', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_11', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '12', 'dep_name': '超神_12', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_12', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '13', 'dep_name': '超神_13', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_13', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '14', 'dep_name': '超神_14', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_14', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '15', 'dep_name': '超神_15', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_15', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '16', 'dep_name': '超神_16', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_16', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '17', 'dep_name': '超神_17', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_17', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '18', 'dep_name': '超神_18', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_18', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '19', 'dep_name': '超神_19', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_19', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': '20', 'dep_name': '超神_20', 'master_name': '陆兴雷_20', 'slogan': '带头学习'}, {'dep_id': 'T05', 'dep_name': '班德尔学院', 'master_name': '李宏伟', 'slogan': 'XXXXXXXXXX'}, {'dep_id': 'T06', 'dep_name': '许愿', 'master_name': 'jerry', 'slogan': '33330'}, {'dep_id': 'T21', 'dep_name': 'Test学院', 'master_name': 'Test-Master', 'slogan': 'Here is test_ljx'}, {'dep_id': 'T22', 'dep_name': 'ljx学院', 'master_name': 'ljx-Master', 'slogan': 'test_ljx'}, {'dep_id': 'ljx_01', 'dep_name': '计信学院_1', 'master_name': 'master_1', 'slogan': 'test_ljx_1'}]}
<class 'dict'>
{
  "count": 20,
  "next": null,
  "previous": null,
  "results": [
    {
      "dep_id": "T02",
      "dep_name": "Java_2学院",
      "master_name": "Java-Master",
      "slogan": "java"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T03",
      "dep_name": "C++/学院",
      "master_name": "C++-Master",
      "slogan": "ljx_put_test"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T04",
      "dep_name": "C++/学院",
      "master_name": "C++-Master",
      "slogan": "Here is Slogan"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T01",
      "dep_name": "Test学院",
      "master_name": "Test-Master",
      "slogan": "Here is Slogan"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "10",
      "dep_name": "超神_10",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_10",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "11",
      "dep_name": "超神_11",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_11",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "12",
      "dep_name": "超神_12",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_12",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "13",
      "dep_name": "超神_13",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_13",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "14",
      "dep_name": "超神_14",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_14",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "15",
      "dep_name": "超神_15",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_15",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "16",
      "dep_name": "超神_16",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_16",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "17",
      "dep_name": "超神_17",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_17",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "18",
      "dep_name": "超神_18",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_18",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "19",
      "dep_name": "超神_19",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_19",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "20",
      "dep_name": "超神_20",
      "master_name": "陆兴雷_20",
      "slogan": "带头学习"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T05",
      "dep_name": "班德尔学院",
      "master_name": "李宏伟",
      "slogan": "XXXXXXXXXX"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T06",
      "dep_name": "许愿",
      "master_name": "jerry",
      "slogan": "33330"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T21",
      "dep_name": "Test学院",
      "master_name": "Test-Master",
      "slogan": "Here is test_ljx"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "T22",
      "dep_name": "ljx学院",
      "master_name": "ljx-Master",
      "slogan": "test_ljx"
    },
    {
      "dep_id": "ljx_01",
      "dep_name": "计信学院_1",
      "master_name": "master_1",
      "slogan": "test_ljx_1"
    }
  ]
}
<class 'str'>

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