一直以来都是在学习J2EE方面的应用系统开发,从未想过用JAVA来编写硬件交互程序,不过自己就是喜欢尝试一些未曾接触的新东西。在网上搜索了些资源,了解到JAVA写串口通讯的还是蛮多的,那么便着手准备开发调试环境。软件程序开发环境搭建不成问题,可这硬件环境就有点犯难啦。更何况自己用的是笔记本哪来的串口呀,再说要是真拿这串口硬件来自己也不会弄,随即想到了虚拟机,觉得这东西应该也有虚拟的吧,果真跟自己的猜测一样还真有这东西,顺便也下载了个串口小助手做为调试之用。下面就先看看软件环境的搭建:

 

1.下载comm.jar、win32com.dll和javax.comm.properties。 (附件提供下载)

介绍:comm.jar提供了通讯用的java API,win32com.dll提供了供comm.jar调用的本地驱动接口,javax.comm.properties是这个驱动的类配置文件

 

2.拷贝javacomm.jar到X:\jre\lib\ext目录下面;

 

3.拷贝javax.comm.properties到X:\jre\lib目录下面;

 

4.拷贝win32com.dll到X:\jre\bin目录下面;

 

5.更新下IDE里面的JDK环境,如下图:


 

接着是硬件虚拟环境安装虚拟串口,这里我用的是VSPD6.0(附件提供下载),安装好后启动VSPD添加我们所需要的端口,注意这里是按组的方式添加的,例如COM1和COM2是一组同时添加,以此类推。如下图所示:

 

所有环境都准备好后,先来简单认识下comm.jar的内容。单从comm API的javadoc来看,SUM提供给我们的只有区区以下13个类或接口,具体如下:


javax.comm.CommDriver


javax.comm.CommPort javax.comm.ParallelPort


javax.comm.SerialPort javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier


javax.comm.CommPortOwnershipListener


javax.comm.ParallelPortEvent javax.comm.SerialPortEvent


javax.comm.ParallelPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener)


javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener)


javax.comm.NoSuchPortException javax.comm.PortInUseException


javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException


这些类和接口命名一看便知其意,就不做一一介绍啦,可以到官网或网上找到更详细的信息。下面先测试下所搭建的环境是否可用,主要代码如下:


Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
CommPortIdentifier portId;
while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
	portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();
	// 如果端口类型是串口,则打印出其端口信息
	if (portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) {
		System.out.println(portId.getName());
	}
}


  运行代码后,控制台有输出正确的端口(如下图),说明所有环境正常可进行下步工作,否则请检查。



  最后要解决的就是与串口数据交互的问题。在这个问题上,最主要的难点就是数据读取,因为我们不知道端口什么时候会有数据到来,也不知数据长度如何。通常,串口通信应用程序有两种模式,一种是实现SerialPortEventListener接口,监听各种串口事件并作相应处理;另一种就是建立一个独立的接收线程专门负责数据的接收。参考众多老前辈的代码后,下面就采用第一种方式写了个简单的助手程序,具体的实现请看详细代码,如下:


package com.elkan1788.view;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.TextArea;
import java.awt.TextField;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TooManyListenersException;

import javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier;
import javax.comm.NoSuchPortException;
import javax.comm.PortInUseException;
import javax.comm.SerialPort;
import javax.comm.SerialPortEvent;
import javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener;
import javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class JavaRs232 extends JFrame implements ActionListener, SerialPortEventListener {

	/**
	 * JDK Serial Version UID
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7270865686330790103L;

	protected int WIN_WIDTH = 380;
	
	protected int WIN_HEIGHT = 300;
	
	private JComboBox<?> portCombox, rateCombox, dataCombox, stopCombox, parityCombox; 
	
	private Button openPortBtn, closePortBtn, sendMsgBtn;
	
	private TextField sendTf;
	
	private TextArea readTa;
	
	private JLabel statusLb;
	
	private String portname, rate, data, stop, parity;
	
	protected CommPortIdentifier portId;
	
	protected Enumeration<?> ports;
	
	protected List<String> portList;

	protected SerialPort serialPort;

	protected OutputStream outputStream = null; 

protected InputStream inputStream = null; 
    
protected String mesg;
    
protected int sendCount, reciveCount;
	
    /**
     * 默认构造函数
     */
	public JavaRs232() {		
		super("Java RS-232串口通信测试程序   凡梦星尘");
		setSize(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT);
		setLocationRelativeTo(null);
		Image icon = null;
		try {
			icon = ImageIO.read(JavaRs232.class.getResourceAsStream("/res/rs232.png"));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
		}
		setIconImage(icon);
		setResizable(false);
		scanPorts();
		initComponents();
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		setVisible(true);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 初始化各UI组件
	 * @since 2012-3-22 下午11:56:39
	 */
	public void initComponents() {		
		// 共用常量
		Font lbFont = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 14);

		// 创建左边面板
		JPanel northPane = new JPanel();
		northPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1));
		// 设置左边面板各组件
		JPanel leftPane = new JPanel();		
		leftPane.setOpaque(false);
		leftPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
		JLabel portnameLb = new JLabel("串口号:");
		portnameLb.setFont(lbFont);
		portnameLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
		portCombox = new JComboBox<String>((String [])portList.toArray(new String[0]));
		portCombox.addActionListener(this);
		JLabel databitsLb = new JLabel("数据位:");
		databitsLb.setFont(lbFont);
		databitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
		dataCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{5, 6, 7, 8});
		dataCombox.setSelectedIndex(3);
		dataCombox.addActionListener(this);
		JLabel parityLb = new JLabel("校验位:");
		parityLb.setFont(lbFont);
		parityLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
		parityCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"NONE","ODD","EVEN","MARK","SPACE"});
		parityCombox.addActionListener(this);
		// 添加组件至面板
		leftPane.add(portnameLb);
		leftPane.add(portCombox);
		leftPane.add(databitsLb);
		leftPane.add(dataCombox);
		leftPane.add(parityLb);
		leftPane.add(parityCombox);

		//创建右边面板
		JPanel rightPane = new JPanel();
		rightPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
		// 设置右边面板各组件
		JLabel baudrateLb = new JLabel("波特率:");
		baudrateLb.setFont(lbFont);
		baudrateLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
		rateCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38400,56000});
		rateCombox.setSelectedIndex(2);
		rateCombox.addActionListener(this);
		JLabel stopbitsLb = new JLabel("停止位:");
		stopbitsLb.setFont(lbFont);
		stopbitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
		stopCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"1","2","1.5"});
		stopCombox.addActionListener(this);
		openPortBtn = new Button("打开端口");
		openPortBtn.addActionListener(this);
		closePortBtn = new Button("关闭端口");	
		closePortBtn.addActionListener(this);
		// 添加组件至面板
		rightPane.add(baudrateLb);
		rightPane.add(rateCombox);
		rightPane.add(stopbitsLb);
		rightPane.add(stopCombox);
		rightPane.add(openPortBtn);
		rightPane.add(closePortBtn);
		// 将左右面板组合添加到北边的面板
		northPane.add(leftPane);
		northPane.add(rightPane);

		// 创建中间面板
		JPanel centerPane = new JPanel();
		// 设置中间面板各组件
		sendTf = new TextField(42);
		readTa = new TextArea(8,50);
		readTa.setEditable(false);
		readTa.setBackground(new Color(225,242,250));
		centerPane.add(sendTf);
		sendMsgBtn = new Button(" 发送 ");
		sendMsgBtn.addActionListener(this);
		// 添加组件至面板
		centerPane.add(sendTf);
		centerPane.add(sendMsgBtn);
		centerPane.add(readTa);
		
		// 设置南边组件
		statusLb = new JLabel();
		statusLb.setText(initStatus());
		statusLb.setOpaque(true);
		
		// 获取主窗体的容器,并将以上三面板以北、中、南的布局整合
		JPanel contentPane = (JPanel)getContentPane();
		contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, 0));
		contentPane.setOpaque(false);
		contentPane.add(northPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		contentPane.add(centerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		contentPane.add(statusLb, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 初始化状态标签显示文本
	 * @return String
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:01:53
	 */
	public String initStatus() {
		portname = portCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
		rate = rateCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
		data = dataCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
		stop = stopCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
		parity = parityCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();
		
		StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer("当前串口号:");
		str.append(portname).append(" 波特率:");
		str.append(rate).append(" 数据位:");
		str.append(data).append(" 停止位:");
		str.append(stop).append(" 校验位:");
		str.append(parity);
		return str.toString();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 扫描本机的所有COM端口
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:02:42
	 */
	public void scanPorts() {
		portList = new ArrayList<String>();
		Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();
		CommPortIdentifier portId;
		while(en.hasMoreElements()){
			portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();
			if(portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL){
				String name = portId.getName();
				if(!portList.contains(name)) {
					portList.add(name);
				}
			}
		}
		if(null == portList 
				|| portList.isEmpty()) {
			showErrMesgbox("未找到可用的串行端口号,程序无法启动!");
			System.exit(0);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 打开串行端口
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:03:07
	 */
	public void openSerialPort() { 
		// 获取要打开的端口
		try {
			portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portname);
		} catch (NoSuchPortException e) {
			showErrMesgbox("抱歉,没有找到"+portname+"串行端口号!");
			setComponentsEnabled(true);
			return ;
		}
		// 打开端口
		try {
			serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("JavaRs232", 2000);
			statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经打开!");
		} catch (PortInUseException e) {
			showErrMesgbox(portname+"端口已被占用,请检查!");
			setComponentsEnabled(true);
			return ;
		}
		
		// 设置端口参数
		try {
			int rate = Integer.parseInt(this.rate);
			int data = Integer.parseInt(this.data);
			int stop = stopCombox.getSelectedIndex()+1;
			int parity = parityCombox.getSelectedIndex();
			serialPort.setSerialPortParams(rate,data,stop,parity);
		} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {
			showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
		}

		// 打开端口的IO流管道 
		try { 
			outputStream = serialPort.getOutputStream(); 
			inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream(); 
		} catch (IOException e) {
			showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
		} 

		// 给端口添加监听器
		try { 
			serialPort.addEventListener(this); 
		} catch (TooManyListenersException e) {
			showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
		} 

		serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true); 
	} 
	
	/**
	 * 给串行端口发送数据
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:00
	 */
	public void sendDataToSeriaPort() { 
		try { 
			sendCount++;
			outputStream.write(mesg.getBytes()); 
			outputStream.flush(); 

		} catch (IOException e) { 
			showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
		} 
		
		statusLb.setText("  发送: "+sendCount+"                                      接收: "+reciveCount);
	} 
	
	/**
	 * 关闭串行端口
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:28
	 */
	public void closeSerialPort() { 
		try { 
			if(outputStream != null)
				outputStream.close();
			if(serialPort != null)
				serialPort.close(); 
			serialPort = null;
			statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经关闭!");
			sendCount = 0;
			reciveCount = 0;
			sendTf.setText("");
			readTa.setText("");
		} catch (Exception e) { 
			showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
		} 
	} 	
	
	/**
	 * 显示错误或警告信息
	 * @param msg 信息
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:47
	 */
	public void showErrMesgbox(String msg) {
		JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);
	}

	/**
	 * 各组件行为事件监听
	 */
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
		if(e.getSource() == portCombox
				|| e.getSource() == rateCombox
				|| e.getSource() == dataCombox
				|| e.getSource() == stopCombox
				|| e.getSource() == parityCombox){
			statusLb.setText(initStatus());
		}
		if(e.getSource() == openPortBtn){
			setComponentsEnabled(false);			
			openSerialPort();
		}
		if(e.getSource() == closePortBtn){
			if(serialPort != null){
				closeSerialPort();
			}
			setComponentsEnabled(true);
		}
		
		if(e.getSource() == sendMsgBtn){
			if(serialPort == null){
				showErrMesgbox("请先打开串行端口!");
				return ;
			}
			mesg = sendTf.getText();
			if(null == mesg || mesg.isEmpty()){
				showErrMesgbox("请输入你要发送的内容!");
				return ;
			}
			sendDataToSeriaPort();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 端口事件监听
	 */
	public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) {
		switch (event.getEventType()) {
			case SerialPortEvent.BI:
			case SerialPortEvent.OE:
			case SerialPortEvent.FE:
			case SerialPortEvent.PE:
			case SerialPortEvent.CD:
			case SerialPortEvent.CTS:
			case SerialPortEvent.DSR:
			case SerialPortEvent.RI:
			case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:
				break;
			case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:
				byte[] readBuffer = new byte[50];

			try {
				while (inputStream.available() > 0) {
					inputStream.read(readBuffer);
				}
				StringBuilder receivedMsg = new StringBuilder("/-- ");
				receivedMsg.append(new String(readBuffer).trim()).append(" --/\n");
				readTa.append(receivedMsg.toString());
				reciveCount++;
				statusLb.setText("  发送: "+sendCount+"                                      接收: "+reciveCount);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 设置各组件的开关状态
	 * @param enabled 状态
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:24
	 */
	public void setComponentsEnabled(boolean enabled) {
		openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);
		openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);
		portCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
		rateCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
		dataCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
		stopCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
		parityCombox.setEnabled(enabled);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 运行主函数
	 * @param args
	 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:45
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new JavaRs232();		
	}
}


  代码编写完成,按下F11键进入调试状态,一切运行正常良好,请看图:


1.启动界面



 

2.端口检测

 

3. 通讯测试


  

最后再抽空来美化程序下,效果更漂亮,谁还会说JAVA程序的界面丑陋呢,呵呵...



 第一次发文虽没有什么技术含量但也实属不易哪,欢迎大家拍砖,嘻嘻....