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####unit.13软件的安装#####
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###1.软件名称识别
[abrt-addon-ccpp]-[2.1.11-19].[el7].[x86_64].rpm ###rpm结尾的适用于与redhat操作系统
[abrt-addon-ccpp] ###软件名称
[2.1.11-19] ###软件版本
[el7] ###软件适用系统
[x86_64] ###64位
###2.如何让安装软件
1.rpm
rpm -i name.rpm ###安装
rpm -v name.rpm ###显示安装进度
rpm -h name.rpm ###指定加密方式(指定加密码方式为hash)
rpm -e name ###卸载
rpm -ql name ###查询软件生成文件
rpm -qlp name.rpm ###查询软件安装后会生成什么文件
rpm -qa name ###查询系统中安装的所有软件名称
rpm -qa |grep name ###查询软件是否安装
rpm -qp name.rpm ###查询软件安装包安装后的名字
rpm -qf filename ###查看filename属于那个安装包
rpm -ivh name.rpm --force ###强制安装
rpm -qi name ###查看软件信息
rpm -Kv name.rpm ###检测软件包是否被篡改
rpm -qp name.rpm ###检测软件在安装或卸载过程中执行的动作
2.yum
yum
长层软件管理工具，最重要的功能是可以解决软件的依赖关系
yum能够投入使用的前提是必须要有yum源，以及配置源的指向文件
server源端
1.从网络上下载本机系统版本匹配的iso镜像文件
rhel-server-7.1-x85_64-dvd.iso
2.把rhel-server-7.1-x85_64-dvd.iso挂在到/mnt以便访问镜像中的文件
mount rhel-server-7.1-x85_64-dvd.iso /mnt
3.配置本机yum源指向
rm -fr /etc/yum.repos.d/*
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
[server]
name=rhel7.1
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
:wq
4.安装资源共享服务
yum install httpd -y ###安装httpd
systemctl stop firewlld ###关闭火墙
systemctl disable firewlld ###开机不启动火墙
systemctl start httpd ###启动httpd
systemctl enable httpd ###开机启动httpd
5.建立共享目录，并挂在镜像文件到共享目录上
mkdir /var/www/html/rhel7.1
umount /mnt
mount rhel-server-7.1-x85_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.1
6.测试
在浏览器中输出：httpd：//本机ip/rhel7.1
可以看到镜像中的内容
7.修改本机yum源指向
[server]
name=rhrl7.1
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/rhel7.1
gpgcheck=0
:wq
8.开机自动挂在iso
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
mount rhel-server-7.1-x85_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.1
:wq
9.第三方软件仓库的搭建
把所有的rpm软件方到一个目录中，这个目录中只能存在rom文件
createrepo -v /rpm存放目录
vim /etc/yum.repo.d/xxx.repo
[Software]
name=software
base=file:///rpm存放目录
gpgcheck=0
:wq
client指向源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/xxx.repo ###仓库指向文件位置
[XXX] ###自定义软件仓库名称
name=XXX ###自定义软件仓库描述
baseurl=ftp://|http://|file:// ###仓库位置
gpgcheck=0 ###不检测gpgkey
###gpgkey表示软件的出品logo
列子：
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
[Server]
name=rhel7.1
baseurl=ftp://172.25.18.254/home/kiosk/Desktop/rhel7.1
gpgcheck=0
:wq
yum clean all ###清空yum缓存识别新配置
###yum命令
yum
yum install softwarename ###安装
yum repolist ###列出设定yum源xinxi
yum remove softwarename ###卸载
yum list softwarename ###查看软件源中是否有次软件
yum list all ###列出所有软件名称
yum list installd ###列出已经安装的软件名称
yum list available ###列车可以用yum安装的软件名称
yum clean all ###清空yum缓存
yum search softwareinfo ###根据软件信息搜索软件名字
yum whatprovides filename ###在yum源中查找包含filename文件的软件包
yum update ###更新软件
yum history ###查看系统软件改变历史
yum reinstall softwarename ###重新安装
yum info softwarename ###查看软件信息
yum groups list ###查看软件组信息
yum groups info softwaregroup ###查看软件组内包含的软件
yum groups install softwaregroup ###安装组件
yum groups remove softwaregroup ###卸载组件
<<<第十三单元练习>>>
1.在server主机中配置yum仓库，并安装gcc编辑器
[kiosk@foundation18 Desktop]$ scp /iso/rhel root@172.25.18.11:/mnt
rhel6 lanmp.pdf rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso
rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso
[kiosk@foundation18 Desktop]$ scp /iso/rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso root@172.25.18.11:/iso
root@172.25.18.11's password:
rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso 100% 3710MB 48.8MB/s 01:16
[root@server18 mnt]# mount /iso/rhel-server-7.1-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@server18 mnt]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 7353496 3120404 71% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 140 942520 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17020 925640 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 3798292 3798292 0 100% /mnt
[root@server18 mnt]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@server18 yum.repos.d]# ls
rhel_dvd.repo
[root@server18 yum.repos.d]# rm -fr *
[root@server18 yum.repos.d]# vim yum.repo
[server]
name=rhrl7.1
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/rhel7.1
gpgcheck=0
:wq
[root@server18 yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks
server | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): server/group_gz | 134 kB 00:00
(2/2): server/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.3-9.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.8.3-9.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgcc >= 4.8.3-9.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmpc.so.3()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.4()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-78.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-78.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-78.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-78.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-78.el7.x86_64
---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be updated
---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be an update
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be updated
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 will be an update
---> Package libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-55.el7 for package: glibc-common-2.17-55.el7.x86_64
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 will be an update
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-78.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-78.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be updated
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 will be an update
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
gcc x86_64 4.8.3-9.el7 server 16 M
Installing for dependencies:
cpp x86_64 4.8.3-9.el7 server 5.9 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-78.el7 server 1.0 M
glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-78.el7 server 656 k
kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-229.el7 server 2.3 M
libmpc x86_64 1.0.1-3.el7 server 51 k
mpfr x86_64 3.1.1-4.el7 server 203 k
Updating for dependencies:
glibc x86_64 2.17-78.el7 server 3.6 M
glibc-common x86_64 2.17-78.el7 server 11 M
libgcc x86_64 4.8.3-9.el7 server 92 k
libgomp x86_64 4.8.3-9.el7 server 127 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 42 M
Downloading packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 103 MB/s | 42 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : libgcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 1/15
Updating : glibc-common-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 2/15
Updating : glibc-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 3/15
Installing : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 4/15
Installing : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 5/15
Installing : cpp-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 6/15
Updating : libgomp-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 7/15
Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 8/15
Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 9/15
Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 10/15
Installing : gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 11/15
Cleanup : libgomp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 12/15
Cleanup : glibc-common-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 13/15
Cleanup : glibc-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 14/15
Cleanup : libgcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 15/15
Verifying : gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 1/15
Verifying : glibc-devel-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 2/15
Verifying : glibc-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 3/15
Verifying : glibc-common-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 4/15
Verifying : libgcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 5/15
Verifying : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 6/15
Verifying : cpp-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 7/15
Verifying : libgomp-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64 8/15
Verifying : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 9/15
Verifying : kernel-headers-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 10/15
Verifying : glibc-headers-2.17-78.el7.x86_64 11/15
Verifying : glibc-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 12/15
Verifying : glibc-common-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 13/15
Verifying : libgomp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 14/15
Verifying : libgcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 15/15
Installed:
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7
Dependency Installed:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.el7
libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7
Dependency Updated:
glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-78.el7
libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.3-9.el7
Complete!
