假设有五位哲学家围坐在一张圆形餐桌旁,做以下两件事情之一:吃饭,或者思考。吃东西的时候,他们就停止思考,思考的时候也停止吃东西。餐桌中间有一大碗意大利面,每两个哲学家之间有一只餐叉。因为用一只餐叉很难吃到意大利面,所以假设哲学家必须用两只餐叉吃东西。他们只能使用自己左右手边的那两只餐叉。哲学家就餐问题有时也用米饭和筷子而不是意大利面和餐叉来描述,因为很明显,吃米饭必须用两根筷子。哲学家从来不交谈,这就很危险,可能产生死锁,每个哲学家都拿着左手的餐叉,永远都在等右边的餐叉(或者相反)。即使没有死锁,也有可能发生资源耗尽。

/**
* 筷子
*/
public class Chopstick {
private boolean taken=false;
public synchronized void take() throws InterruptedException{
while (taken){
wait();
}
taken=true;
}
public synchronized void drop(){
taken=false;
notifyAll();
}
}
/**
* 哲学家
*/
public class Philosopher implements Runnable{
private Chopstick left;
private Chopstick right;
private final int id;
private final int ponderFactor;
private Random rand=new Random(47);
private void pause() throws InterruptedException{
if(ponderFactor==0) return;
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(ponderFactor*250));
}
public Philosopher(Chopstick left,Chopstick right,int ident ,int ponder){
this.left=left;
this.right=right;
id=ident;
ponderFactor=ponder;
}

@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()){
System.out.println(this+" "+" thinking");
pause();
System.out.println(this+" "+"grabbing right");
right.take();
System.out.println(this+" "+" grabbing left");
left.take();
System.out.println(this+" eating");
pause();
right.drop();
left.drop();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this+" exiting via interrupt");
}
}
public String toString(){
return "Philosopher "+id;
}
}
public class DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception{
int ponder=0;
int size=5;
ExecutorService exec= Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Chopstick[] sticks=new Chopstick[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
sticks[i]=new Chopstick();
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
exec.execute(new Philosopher(sticks[i],sticks[(i+1)%size],i,ponder));
System.out.println("Press 'Enter' to quit");
System.in.read();
exec.shutdownNow();
}
}