一、函数解析 
1、 int register_chrdev_region(dev_t first, unsigned int count, char *name)
为一个字符驱动获取一个或多个设备编号
     参数解析
first:是你要分配的起始设备编号.,first 的次编号部分常常是 0。使用MKDEV(major, 0) 来获取dev_t类型的设备编号
count是你请求的连续设备编号的总数
  name:是应当连接到这个编号范围的设备的名字; 它会出现在 /proc/devices 和 sysfs 中
      返回值:   如果分配成功进行, register_chrdev_region 的返回值是 0
2、int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev,unsigned int firstminor,unsigned int count,char *name)
动态分配设备编号
参数解析
dev:动态分配的设备编号保存在dev上
firstminor:第一个次设备号(一般为0)
count:是你请求的连续设备编号的总数
   name:是应当连接到这个编号范围的设备的名字; 它会出现在 /proc/devices 和 sysfs 中
3、 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
静态初始化一个cdev结构体变量,内核中每个字符设备都对应一个 cdev 结构的变量
参数解析
cdev:struct cdev结构体指针,初始化该结构体
fops: struct file_operations结构体指针,已经赋值了对应的函数
4、int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
把cdev添加到系统中去
参数解析
p:struct cdev结构体指针
dev: dev_t类型的设备编号
count: 连续次设备号数
5、 void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
从系统移除cdev
参数解析
p:struct cdev结构体指针

二、例程

/*******************************************
使用linux3.2.81内核
********************************************/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>

/* 1. 确定主设备号 */
static int major;

static int hello_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	printk("hello_open\n");
	return 0;
}

static int hello2_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	printk("hello2_open\n");
	return 0;
}


/* 2. 构造file_operations */
static struct file_operations hello_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open  = hello_open,
};

static struct file_operations hello2_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open  = hello2_open,
};


#define HELLO_CNT   2

static struct cdev hello_cdev;
static struct cdev hello2_cdev;
static struct class *cls;

static int hello_init(void)
{
	dev_t devid;
	
	/* 3. 告诉内核 */
	if (major) {
		devid = MKDEV(major, 0);    //返回dev_t类型的设备编号
		register_chrdev_region(devid, HELLO_CNT, "hello");  /* (major,0~1) 对应 hello_fops, (major, 2~255)都不对应hello_fops */
	} else {
		alloc_chrdev_region(&devid, 0, HELLO_CNT, "hello"); /* (major,0~1) 对应 hello_fops, (major, 2~255)都不对应hello_fops */
		major = MAJOR(devid);   //获取主设备号                  
	}
	
	cdev_init(&hello_cdev, &hello_fops); //静态初始化一个cdev结构体变量,内核中每个字符设备都对应一个 cdev 结构的变量
	cdev_add(&hello_cdev, devid, HELLO_CNT); //把cdev添加到系统中去

	devid = MKDEV(major, 2);
	register_chrdev_region(devid, 1, "hello2");
	cdev_init(&hello2_cdev, &hello2_fops);
	cdev_add(&hello2_cdev, devid, 1);
	
	cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "hello");
	device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "hello0"); /* /dev/hello0 */
	device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 1), NULL, "hello1"); /* /dev/hello1 */
	device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 2), NULL, "hello2"); /* /dev/hello2 */
	device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 3), NULL, "hello3"); /* /dev/hello3 */
	
	
	return 0;
}

static void hello_exit(void)
{
	device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));
	device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 1));
	device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 2));
	device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 3));
	class_destroy(cls);

	cdev_del(&hello_cdev);  //从系统中删除cdev
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), HELLO_CNT);

	cdev_del(&hello2_cdev);
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 2), 1);
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);


MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");


测试程序
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


/* 
 * hello_test /dev/hello0
 */

void print_usage(char *file)
{
	printf("%s <dev>\n", file);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int fd;
	if (argc != 2)
	{
		print_usage(argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}

	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0)
		printf("can't open %s\n", argv[1]);
	else
		printf("can open %s\n", argv[1]);

	return 0;
}